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Libr. p.266-267","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":19,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"gbif:2435098","extinct":false,"habitats":["TERRESTRIAL"],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[{"description":"Type Species: Felis concolor Linnaeus 1771"},{"description":"Discussion: Placed as a subgenus in Felis by McKenna and Bell (1997) who separated yagouaroundi into Felis (Herpailurus). Salles (1992), Johnson and O'Brien (1997), Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999), and Mattern and McLennan (2000) considered concolor and yagouaroundi monophyletic, with Acinonyx as the sister group."},{"description":"Species and subspecies: 2 species with 14 subspecies: Species Puma concolor (Linnaeus 1771) Subspecies Puma concolor subsp. concolor Linnaeus 1771 Subspecies Puma concolor subsp. anthonyi Nelson and Goldman 1931 Subspecies Puma concolor subsp. cabrerae Pocock 1940 Subspecies Puma concolor subsp. costaricensis Merriam 1901 Subspecies Puma concolor subsp. couguar Kerr 1792 Subspecies Puma concolor subsp. puma Molina 1782 Species Puma yagouaroundi (É. Geoffory Saint-Hilaire 1803) Subspecies Puma yagouaroundi subsp. yagouaroundi É. Geoffory Saint-Hilaire 1803 Subspecies Puma yagouaroundi subsp. ameghinoi Holmberg 1898 Subspecies Puma yagouaroundi subsp. cacomitli Berlandier 1859 Subspecies Puma yagouaroundi subsp. eyra G. Fischer 1814 Subspecies Puma yagouaroundi subsp. fossata Mearns 1901 Subspecies Puma yagouaroundi subsp. melantho Thomas 1914 Subspecies Puma yagouaroundi subsp. panamensis J. A. Allen 1904 Subspecies Puma yagouaroundi subsp. tolteca Thomas 1898"},{"description":"TYPE SPECIES: Felis concolor Jardine, 1834, by original designation."}],"vernacularNames":[{"vernacularName":"Pumas","language":"eng"},{"vernacularName":"Cougar","language":"eng"},{"vernacularName":"Pumas","language":"eng"},{"vernacularName":"美洲金貓屬","language":"zho"},{"vernacularName":"美洲狮","language":"zho"},{"vernacularName":"Báo sư tử","language":"vie"},{"vernacularName":"เสือพูม่า","language":"tha"},{"vernacularName":"เสือพูมา 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Libr. p.266-267","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"75F9","extinct":false,"habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[],"vernacularNames":[{"vernacularName":"Báo sư tử","language":"vie"},{"vernacularName":"Fjelløve","language":"nor"},{"vernacularName":"Pumo","language":"epo"},{"vernacularName":"Puuma","language":"fin"},{"vernacularName":"Пума","language":"bul"},{"vernacularName":"פומה","language":"heb"},{"vernacularName":"شیر کوهی","language":"fas"},{"vernacularName":"เสือพูม่า","language":"tha"},{"vernacularName":"ပူမာ","language":"mya"},{"vernacularName":"美洲狮","language":"zho"},{"vernacularName":"pumas","language":"eng"},{"vernacularName":"Mountain Lions","language":"eng"},{"vernacularName":"Poema's","language":"nld"},{"vernacularName":"Puma","language":"spa"},{"vernacularName":"Suçuaranas","language":"por"},{"vernacularName":"puumat","language":"fin"},{"vernacularName":"Пумы","language":"rus"},{"vernacularName":"เสือพูมา ฯลฯ","language":"tha"},{"vernacularName":"ピューマ属","language":"jpn"},{"vernacularName":"美洲金貓屬","language":"zho"},{"vernacularName":"퓨마속","language":"kor"}],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"296374190":"Animalia","299312263":"Chordata","302160612":"Mammalia","302161013":"Carnivora","299463007":"Felidae","299463371":"Felinae"},"class":"Mammalia"},{"key":128493008,"nameKey":9541877,"datasetKey":"c8227bb4-4143-443f-8cb2-51f9576aff14","nubKey":2435098,"genus":"Puma","genusKey":128493008,"scientificName":"Puma Jardine, 1834","canonicalName":"Puma","authorship":"Jardine, 1834","publishedIn":"Jardine, W. 1834. The Natural History of the Felinae. W. H. Lizars, Edinburgh. Vol. 2.","accordingTo":"Jardine, W. 1834. The Natural History of the Felinae. W. H. Lizars, Edinburgh. Vol. 2.","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"a945403c-86d5-415d-aa8e-72e3dc3570b7","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[],"vernacularNames":[],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{}},{"key":208780869,"nameKey":9541877,"datasetKey":"c8227bb4-4143-443f-8cb2-51f9576aff14","nubKey":2435098,"basionymKey":128493008,"basionym":"Puma Jardine, 1834","genus":"Puma","genusKey":208780869,"scientificName":"Puma Jardine, 1834","canonicalName":"Puma","authorship":"Jardine, 1834","publishedIn":"Jardine, W. 1834. The Natural History of the Felinae. W. H. Lizars, Edinburgh. Vol. 2.","accordingTo":"Pocock, Reginald I. 1940. Description of a new race of puma (Puma concolor), with a note on an abnormal tooth growth in the genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Including Zoology, Botany and Geology, Being a Continuation of the 'Magazine of Botany and Zoology', and of Louden and Charlesworth's 'Magazine of Natural History', Series 11 6: 307-313.","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":1,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"b58b5d6e-499e-4d5d-a00a-c929a6aeb299","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[],"vernacularNames":[],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{}},{"key":102116152,"nameKey":9541877,"datasetKey":"9ca92552-f23a-41a8-a140-01abaa31c931","nubKey":2435098,"parentKey":102115890,"parent":"Felinae","kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","order":"Carnivora","family":"Felidae","genus":"Puma","kingdomKey":101683523,"phylumKey":102017110,"classKey":102114218,"orderKey":102114749,"familyKey":102115889,"genusKey":102116152,"scientificName":"Puma Jardine, 1834","canonicalName":"Puma","authorship":"Jardine, 1834","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":3,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"552375","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[],"vernacularNames":[{"vernacularName":"pumas","language":"eng"}],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"101683523":"Animalia","102017110":"Chordata","102114218":"Mammalia","102114749":"Carnivora","102115889":"Felidae","102115890":"Felinae"},"class":"Mammalia"},{"key":100388781,"datasetKey":"16c3f9cb-4b19-4553-ac8e-ebb90003aa02","nubKey":2435098,"parentKey":323192241,"parent":"Felidae","order":"Carnivora","family":"Felidae","genus":"Puma","orderKey":323192180,"familyKey":323192241,"genusKey":100388781,"scientificName":"Puma Jardine, 1834","canonicalName":"Puma","authorship":"Jardine, 1834","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"1562431","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[{"description":"Die Pumas (Puma) sind eine Raubtiergattung aus der Familie der Katzen (Felidae), die beide auf dem amerikanischen Doppelkontinent leben. In ihr werden zwei lebende Arten zusammengefasst: der Puma (Puma concolor) und der Jaguarundi oder Wieselkatze (Puma yaguarondi)."},{"description":"Das Fell dieser Tiere ist kurz und dicht und meist gelbgrau oder rötlich gefärbt, erwachsene Tiere sind im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Katzenarten nicht gefleckt."},{"description":"Die Gattung gehört zur Unterfamilie der Kleinkatzen, wiewohl der Puma durchaus die Ausmaße einiger Großkatzen übertrifft. DNA-Untersuchungen haben überdies ergeben, dass der nächste lebende Verwandte dieser Gattung der Gepard ist. Aufgrund seines eigentümlichen Körperbaus wurde dieser in einer eigenen Unterfamilie Acinonychinae innerhalb der Katzen geführt – eine Einteilung, die nach Klärung der nahen Verwandtschaft zu den Pumas nicht mehr aufrechterhalten werden kann. Eine ausgestorbene Art der Gattung ist mit Puma pardoides aus dem frühen Pleistozän Eurasiens bekannt und in der im Jahr 2017 veröffentlichten jüngsten Revision der Katzensystematik wurden auch die zwei Arten der Amerikanischen Geparde (vorher Miracinonyx) in die Gattung Puma gestellt. Der Jaguarundi wurde früher in einer eigenen Gattung, Herpailurus, eingeordnet. Aufgrund molekulargenetischer Untersuchungen wurde aber eine enge Verwandtschaft dieser zwei Arten festgestellt, sodass jüngere Systematiken sie in einer gemeinsamen Gattung zusammenfassen. Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Kleinkatzen nach O’Brien & Johnson 2008.Stephen J. O’Brien, Warren E. Johnson: Der neue Stammbaum der Katzen. In: Spektrum der Wissenschaft. 6/2008, S. 54–61."},{"description":"Beide Arten der Gattung kommen auf dem amerikanischen Doppelkontinent vor. Der Puma ist dabei sowohl in Nord- wie auch in Mittel- und Südamerika beheimatet, sein Verbreitungsgebiet zieht sich vom westlichen Kanada über die gesamten westlichen Vereinigten Staaten und Mexiko und Mittelamerika bis in den äußersten Süden von Südamerika. Der Jaguarundi kommt in Nordamerika nur in Teilen von Mexiko und eventuell im äußersten Süden von Texas vor, ansonsten ist er vor allem in den tropischen Regionen Mittel- und Südamerikas verbreitet."}],"vernacularNames":[{"vernacularName":"Pumas","language":"deu"}],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"323192180":"Carnivora","323192241":"Felidae"}},{"key":231548288,"datasetKey":"3f0f641c-cd4b-4694-8e47-c47be23ac2a9","nubKey":2435098,"parentKey":323451743,"parent":"Felidae","kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","order":"Carnivora","family":"Felidae","genus":"Puma","kingdomKey":323451661,"phylumKey":323451662,"classKey":323451663,"orderKey":323451664,"familyKey":323451743,"genusKey":231548288,"scientificName":"Puma Jardine 1834","canonicalName":"Puma","authorship":"Jardine 1834","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"674BAB050986AA503F8E5D068A5B0771.taxon","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[{"description":"Species and subspecies: 2 species with 14 subspecies: Species Puma concolor (Linnaeus 1771) Subspecies Puma concolor subsp. concolor Linnaeus 1771 Subspecies Puma concolor subsp. anthonyi Nelson and Goldman 1931 Subspecies Puma concolor subsp. cabrerae Pocock 1940 Subspecies Puma concolor subsp. costaricensis Merriam 1901 Subspecies Puma concolor subsp. couguar Kerr 1792 Subspecies Puma concolor subsp. puma Molina 1782 Species Puma yagouaroundi (É. Geoffory Saint-Hilaire 1803) Subspecies Puma yagouaroundi subsp. yagouaroundi É. Geoffory Saint-Hilaire 1803 Subspecies Puma yagouaroundi subsp. ameghinoi Holmberg 1898 Subspecies Puma yagouaroundi subsp. cacomitli Berlandier 1859 Subspecies Puma yagouaroundi subsp. eyra G. Fischer 1814 Subspecies Puma yagouaroundi subsp. fossata Mearns 1901 Subspecies Puma yagouaroundi subsp. melantho Thomas 1914 Subspecies Puma yagouaroundi subsp. panamensis J. A. Allen 1904 Subspecies Puma yagouaroundi subsp. tolteca Thomas 1898"},{"description":"Discussion: Placed as a subgenus in Felis by McKenna and Bell (1997) who separated yagouaroundi into Felis (Herpailurus). Salles (1992), Johnson and O'Brien (1997), Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999), and Mattern and McLennan (2000) considered concolor and yagouaroundi monophyletic, with Acinonyx as the sister group."},{"description":"Type Species: Felis concolor Linnaeus 1771"}],"vernacularNames":[],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"323451661":"Animalia","323451662":"Chordata","323451663":"Mammalia","323451664":"Carnivora","323451743":"Felidae"},"class":"Mammalia"},{"key":165737161,"datasetKey":"cbb6498e-8927-405a-916b-576d00a6289b","genus":"Puma","genusKey":165737161,"scientificName":"Puma Jardine, 1834","canonicalName":"Puma","authorship":"Jardine, 1834","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"9125620","extinct":false,"habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[{"description":"DISPLAYTITLE Puma is a genus in the family Felidae whose only extant species is the cougar (also known as the puma, mountain lion, and panther,California wildlife get their own highway crossing http://www.npr.org/transcripts/1095750186 among other names), and may also include several poorly known Old World fossil representatives (for example, Puma pardoides, or Owen's panther, a large, cougar-like cat of Eurasia's Pliocene).Hemmer, H. (1965). Studien an \"Panthera\" schaubi Viret aus dem Villafranchien von Saint-Vallier (Drôme). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 122, 324–336.Hemmer, H., Kahlike, R.-D. & Vekua, A. K. (2004). The Old World puma Puma pardoides (Owen, 1846) (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Lower Villafranchian (Upper Pliocene) of Kvabebi (East Georgia, Transcaucasia) and its evolutionary and biogeographical significance. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 233, 197–233. In addition to these potential Old World fossils, a few New World fossil representatives are possible, such as Puma pumoidesChimento, Nicolas Roberto, Maria Rosa Derguy, and Helmut Hemmer. \"Puma (Herpailurus) pumoides (Castellanos, 1958)(Mammalia, Felidae) del Plioceno de Argentina.\" Serie Correlación Geológica 30.2 (2015). and the two species of the so-called \"American cheetah\", currently classified under the genus Miracinonyx.Barnett, Ross, et al. \"Evolution of the extinct Sabretooths and the American cheetah-like cat.\" Current Biology 15.15 (2005): R589-R590."},{"description":"Pumas are large, secretive cats. They are also commonly known as cougars and mountain lions, and are able to reach larger sizes than some other \"big\" cat individuals. Despite their large size, they are more closely related to smaller feline species than to lions or leopards. The seven subspecies of pumas all have similar characteristics but tend to vary in color and size. Pumas are the most adaptable felines in the Americas and are found in a variety of different habitats, unlike other cat species."},{"description":"Image Scientific name Common name Distribution Puma concolor Cougar Yukon in Canada to the southern Andes in Argentina and Chile"},{"description":"Members of the genus Puma are primarily found in the mountains of North and South America, where a majority of individuals can be found in rocky crags and pastures lower than the slopes grazing herbivores inhabit. Though they choose to inhabit those areas, they are highly adaptive and can be found in a large variety of habitats, including forests, tropical jungle, grasslands, and even arid desert regions. Unfortunately, with the expansion of human settlements and land clearance, the cats are being pushed into smaller, more hostile areas. However, their high adaptability will likely allow them to avoid disappearing from the wild forever. Anatomy and appearance Subspecies of the genus Puma include cats that are the fourth-largest in the cat family. Adult males can reach around 7.9 ft from nose to tip of tail, and a body weight typically between 115 to. Females can reach around 6.7 ft from nose to tail, and a body weight between 64 to. They also have tails ranging from 25 to long. The heads of these cats are round, with erect ears. They have powerful forequarters, necks, and jaws which help grasp and hold prey. They have four retractable claws on their fore paws, and also their hind paws. The majority of pumas are found in more mountainous regions, so they have a thick fur coat to help retain body heat during freezing winters. Depending on subspecies and the location of their habitat, the puma's fur varies in color from brown-yellow to grey-red. Individuals that live in colder climates have coats that are more grey than individuals living in warmer climates with a more red color to their coat. Pumas are incredibly strong and fast predators with long bodies and powerful short legs. The hindlimbs are larger and stronger than the forelimbs, enabling them to be great leapers. They are able to leap as high as 18 ft into the air and as far as 40 to horizontally. They can reach speeds of up to 50 mph, as they are adapted to perform powerful sprints in order to catch their prey. Behavior and lifestyle Members of the genus live solitarily, with the exception of the time cubs spend with their mothers. Individuals cover a large home range searching for food, covering a distance around 80 mi2 during the summers and 40 mi2 during the winters. They are able to hunt at night just as effectively as they can during the day. Members of the genus are also known to make a variety of different sounds, particularly used when warning another individual away from their territory or during the mating season when looking for a mate. A study released in 2017 suggests that pumas have a secret social life only recently captured on film. They were seen sharing their food kills with other nearby pumas. They share many social patterns with more gregarious species such as chimpanzees. Diet Members of this genus are large and powerful carnivores. The majority of their diet includes small animals such as rodents, birds, fish, and rabbits. Larger individuals are able to catch larger prey such as bighorn sheep, deer, guanaco, mountain goats, raccoons, and coati. They occasionally take livestock in areas with high populations of them. Reproduction and life cycles Breeding season normally occurs between December and March, with a three-month (91 days) gestation period resulting in a litter size up to six kittens. After mating, male and female part ways; the male continues on to mate with other females for the duration of the mating season, while the female cares for the kittens on her own. Like most other felines, kittens are born blind and remain completely helpless for about 2 weeks until their eyes open. Kittens are born with spots and eventually lose all of them as they reach adulthood. The spots allow the kittens to hide better from predators. Kittens are able to eat solid food when they reach 2–3 months of age, and remain with their mother for about a year. The life expectancy of individuals in the wild averages 12 years, but can reach up to 25 years in captivity."},{"description":"Although they have been pushed into smaller habitats by human settlement expansion, members of the genus have been designated least-concern species by the IUCN, indicating low risk of becoming extinct in their natural environments in the near future. This is due to their high adaptiveness to changing habitat conditions. In fact, many feel the pumas' ability to adapt to different environments explains their current numbers. However, in many large metropolitan areas such as Los Angeles, California, pumas' habitats have been fragmented by urban development and massive freeways. These barriers have made it nearly impossible for populations of mountain lions in specific areas of mountain ranges to reach one another to breed and increase genetic diversity. While their numbers still remain at decent levels, the number of kittens that are inbred is rising every year. This poses a threat to these already-reduced communities of mountain lions that are forced to quickly adapt to shrinking habitats and increased run-ins with humans. Many researchers from the National Park Service are using their findings to propose ideas to cities like Los Angeles, which harbors large populations of urban wildlife, to increase conservation efforts in areas on both sides of freeways, and begin the process of building land bridges for wildlife to safely cross freeways."}],"vernacularNames":[],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{}},{"key":100691070,"datasetKey":"672aca30-f1b5-43d3-8a2b-c1606125fa1b","nubKey":2435098,"parentKey":100691331,"parent":"Felidae","kingdom":"Animalia","order":"Carnivora","family":"Felidae","genus":"Puma","kingdomKey":324008825,"classKey":324008827,"orderKey":100688735,"familyKey":100691331,"genusKey":100691070,"scientificName":"Puma Jardine, 1834","canonicalName":"Puma","authorship":"Jardine 1834","publishedIn":"Natur. Libr. p.266-267","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"14000203","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[],"vernacularNames":[],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"324008825":"Animalia","324008827":"Mammalia","100688735":"Carnivora","100691331":"Felidae"},"class":"Mammalia"},{"key":162908964,"datasetKey":"0938172b-2086-439c-a1dd-c21cb0109ed5","nubKey":2435098,"parentKey":162908953,"parent":"Felidae","kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","order":"Carnivora","family":"Felidae","genus":"Puma","kingdomKey":162851632,"phylumKey":162865390,"classKey":162907168,"orderKey":162908855,"familyKey":162908953,"genusKey":162908964,"scientificName":"Puma Jardine, 1834","canonicalName":"Puma","authorship":"Jardine, 1834","publishedIn":"Nat. Library (Mamm.), 4","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"urn:lsid:irmng.org:taxname:1405111","extinct":false,"habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[],"vernacularNames":[],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"162851632":"Animalia","162865390":"Chordata","162907168":"Mammalia","162908855":"Carnivora","162908953":"Felidae"},"class":"Mammalia"},{"key":121508147,"nameKey":9541877,"datasetKey":"c33ce2f2-c3cc-43a5-a380-fe4526d63650","nubKey":2435098,"parentKey":121508111,"parent":"Felinae","phylum":"Chordata","family":"Felidae","genus":"Puma","phylumKey":121445866,"familyKey":121507697,"genusKey":121508147,"scientificName":"Puma Jardine, 1834","canonicalName":"Puma","authorship":"Jardine, 1834","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":11,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"41073","extinct":false,"habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[],"vernacularNames":[{"vernacularName":"cougar","language":"eng"}],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"121445866":"Chordata","121507697":"Felidae","121508111":"Felinae"}},{"key":222472791,"nameKey":9541877,"datasetKey":"0e61f8fe-7d25-4f81-ada7-d970bbb2c6d6","nubKey":2435098,"parentKey":222472790,"parent":"Felinae","kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","order":"Carnivora","family":"Felidae","genus":"Puma","kingdomKey":134521164,"phylumKey":222445721,"classKey":222468508,"orderKey":222472704,"familyKey":222472763,"genusKey":222472791,"scientificName":"Puma Jardine, 1834","canonicalName":"Puma","authorship":"Jardine, 1834","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":2,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"443509","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[],"vernacularNames":[{"vernacularName":"Pumas","language":"eng"}],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"134521164":"Animalia","222445721":"Chordata","222468508":"Mammalia","222472704":"Carnivora","222472763":"Felidae","222472790":"Felinae"},"class":"Mammalia"},{"key":205134749,"datasetKey":"f181e241-3970-4bd2-8a4d-dec4495e0adc","nubKey":2435098,"parentKey":323518170,"parent":"Felidae","kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","order":"Carnivora","family":"Felidae","genus":"Puma","kingdomKey":323518142,"phylumKey":323518143,"classKey":323518144,"orderKey":323518145,"familyKey":323518170,"genusKey":205134749,"scientificName":"Puma Jardine 1834","canonicalName":"Puma","authorship":"Jardine 1834","publishedIn":"Jardine (1834): Puma. Natur. Libr. 2","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"41263629C338746DFF31FB7EFA6913BC.taxon","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[{"description":"TYPE SPECIES: Felis concolor Jardine, 1834, by original designation."}],"vernacularNames":[],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"323518142":"Animalia","323518143":"Chordata","323518144":"Mammalia","323518145":"Carnivora","323518170":"Felidae"},"class":"Mammalia"},{"key":165212206,"datasetKey":"16c3f9cb-4b19-4553-ac8e-ebb90003aa02","nubKey":4833952,"parentKey":323192241,"parent":"Felidae","order":"Carnivora","family":"Felidae","genus":"Miracinonyx","orderKey":323192180,"familyKey":323192241,"genusKey":165212206,"scientificName":"Miracinonyx Adams, 1979","canonicalName":"Miracinonyx","authorship":"Adams, 1979","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"5313509","extinct":true,"habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[{"description":"Die Amerikanischen Geparde (Miracinonyx) sind eine ausgestorbene Gattung aus der Familie der Katzen (Felidae), die vom späten Pliozän bis zum späten Pleistozän (Jungpleistozän) 1.800.000 bis 11.000 Jahre vor unserer Zeitrechnung endemisch in Nordamerika lebte.PaleoBiology Database: Miracinonyx, basic info Es gab mindestens zwei Arten dieser Gattung, die von der Morphologie her dem heutigen Gepard ähnlich waren. Sie sind nur durch Skelett-Bruchstücke bekannt."},{"description":"Miracinonyx trumani Miracinonyx trumani war den echten Geparden morphologisch am ähnlichsten. Er lebte in der Prärie sowie den weiten Ebenen des westlichen Nordamerika und jagte sehr wahrscheinlich Huftiere der Great Plains, wie den heute noch lebenden Gabelbock. Teilweise besteht die Annahme, dass seine maximal erreichbare Geschwindigkeit jener der heutigen Geparde nur wenig nachstand und mindestens um die 100 km/h gelegen haben dürfte. Dabei wird die Ähnlichkeit zwischen Miracinonyx trumani und dem Gepard als ein Beispiel für parallele Evolution betrachtet. Als weite Graslandschaften sowohl in Nordamerika als auch in Afrika während des Pleistozäns häufiger wurden, entwickelten sich pumaähnliche Katzenarten auf beiden Kontinenten zu schnellen Läufern, um die neu aufkommenden schnellen Pflanzenfresser jagen zu können. Die Krallen von Miracinonyx trumani entwickelten sich dabei derart, dass sie – wie auch beim Gepard – nur noch teilweise einziehbar waren, um die Bodengriffigkeit beim schnellen Rennen zu erhöhen. Die Nachstellung der Gabelböcke durch Miracinonyx trumani galt zudem gemeinhin als Beispiel einer Koevolution in der Räuber-Beute-Beziehung (Red-Queen-Hypothese), da deren maximale Höchstgeschwindigkeit von 86 km/h weit höher ist als nötig, um den noch heute lebenden amerikanischen Raubtieren wie dem Puma und dem Wolf zu entkommen. Der älteste Nachweis von Miracinonyx stammt allerdings erst aus dem ausgehenden Pliozän. Da aber schon die frühesten Vertreter der Gabelhornträger vom beginnenden Miozän an vor rund 20 Millionen Jahren aus anatomischen Gründen als extrem schnelle Läufer anzusehen sind, fehlt dieser Ansicht zahlreichen Wissenschaftlern zufolge die wissenschaftliche Grundlage.James R. Heffelfinger, Bart W. O'Gara, Christine M. Janis, Randall Babb: A bestiary of ancestral Antilocaprids. Proceedings of the 20th Biennial Pronghorn Workshop 20, 2004, S. 87–111. Für die spätpleistozänen Vertreter, die unter anderem aus verschiedenen Höhlen im Grand Canyon wie der Rampart Cave oder der Next Door Cave stammen, ergeben sich andere Interpretationen des Jagdverhaltens. Für diese wird vermutet, dass weniger die angenommene hohe Laufgeschwindigkeit als vielmehr eine ausgesprochene Kletterfähigkeit im Vordergrund stand. Demnach stellten die Raubtiere ihrer Beute in den steilen Felshängen der Schluchten nach, wodurch eher fossile Verwandte der heutigen Schneeziege zum Nahrungsspektrum gehörten. In dieser Eigenschaft glichen die Amerikanischen Geparde stärker dem heutigen Schneeleoparden, zudem auch dem Asiatischen Gepard, der im Gegensatz zu seinem afrikanischen Vetter häufiger verschiedenen Ziegenartigen in den gebirgigen Landschaften Zentralasiens nachstellt.John-Paul M. Hodnett, Richard S. White, Mary Carpenter, Jim I. Mead, Vincent L. Santucci: Miracinonyx trumani (Carnivora; Felidae) from the Rancholabrean of the Grand Canyon, Arizona and its implications for the ecology of the \"American cheetah\". In: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 88, 2022, S. 157–185. Miracinonyx inexpectatus Miracinonix inexpectatus war dem Puma ähnlicher als dem Gepard. Er hatte vollständig einziehbare Krallen und konnte aufgrund seines schlanken Körperbaus wahrscheinlich schneller laufen als der Puma. Eventuell konnte er noch klettern und hatte seinen Lebensraum weniger in der Prärie als in stärker bewaldeten Regionen. Aufgrund des etwas kühleren Lebensraumes könnte er ein längeres Fell gehabt haben."},{"description":"Die Amerikanischen Geparde wurden ursprünglich als frühe Vertreter der Pumas angesehen, in den 1970er Jahren aber als nahe Verwandte des Gepards neu klassifiziert. Diese Theorie geht davon aus, dass sich die Vorfahren des Gepards aus der Linie der Pumas auf dem amerikanischen Kontinent (die Neue Welt) entwickelten und über die Beringbrücke wieder in die Alte Welt (vor allem Asien und Afrika) wanderten. Andere Forschungen, wie etwa die von Ross Barnett, welche die Untersuchung der mitochondrialen DNA der Knochenfunde sowie eine neue Analyse der Morphologie mit einschloss, sehen die Amerikanischen Geparde als unmittelbare Verwandte des Pumas, die gepardähnliche Merkmale aufgrund von konvergenter Evolution entwickelten. Puma und Amerikanischer Gepard sind dieser Analyse zufolge die Schwestergruppe des Jaguarundis, einer eher kleinkatzenähnlichen südamerikanischen Art. Erst diese Dreiergruppe sei Schwestergruppe des altweltlichen Gepards. Der vermutete amerikanische Ursprung der Geparde wäre damit hinfällig, denn die amerikanische Gepardlinie hätte sich demnach erst in der Neuen Welt (vor etwa 3 Millionen Jahren) von der Pumalinie getrennt, wohingegen diese sich deutlich vorher (vor mehr als 6 Millionen Jahren) und noch außerhalb Amerikas von der altweltlichen Gepardlinie trennte. Die genaue Einordnung der zweiten Art Miracinonyx inexpectatus ist indes nicht endgültig geklärt, obwohl es sich wahrscheinlich um eine primitivere Art als Miracinonyx trumani handelt. Vom Amerikanischen Gepard wurden bislang zwei Arten beschrieben: Miracinonyx trumani und Miracynonix inexpectatus. Teilweise wird auch eine dritte Art Miracinonyx studeri angeführt, diese gilt jedoch als jüngeres Synonym für Miracynonix trumani. Beide Arten waren dem heutigen Gepard sehr ähnlich, mit verkürzten runden Schädeln und vergrößerten Nasengängen für einen größeren Atemdurchsatz sowie speziell für schnelles Rennen proportionierte extrem lange Gliedmaßen und einem langen Schwanz. Ebenso soll das Gebiss gegenüber anderen Katzen stark verkleinert und relativ schwach gewesen sein. Dennoch wurden die Ähnlichkeiten nicht durch einen direkten gemeinsamen Vorfahren vererbt, sondern waren das Ergebnis von entweder paralleler oder konvergenter Evolution. Durch genetische und immunologische Untersuchungen konnte ermittelt werden, dass die heutigen Geparde wahrscheinlich alle von einer sehr kleinen Stammgruppe abstammen (→ genetischer Flaschenhals), die vor etwa 10.000 Jahren gelebt hat.M. Menotti-Raymond, S. J. O'Brien: Dating the genetic bottleneck of the African cheetah. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 90, Nr. 8, 1993, S. 3172–3176Modellberechnung der genetischen Drift Damals starb der Amerikanische Gepard aus, und der gewöhnliche Gepard in Afrika und Asien entging diesem Schicksal offenbar nur knapp. Er breitete sich jedoch in den Savannen Afrikas und Asiens wieder aus und konnte daher bis in unsere Zeit überleben. Diese Untersuchung genießt in Fachkreisen hohes Ansehen und wird mittlerweile als klassisches Beispiel in der Populationsgenetik benutzt. Die genauen Gründe, die zum Aussterben der Amerikanischen Geparde geführt haben oder geführt haben könnten, sind trotz aller Forschung dazu bislang nicht abschließend aufgeklärt. Einige Experten vermuten zusätzlich zum genannten genetischen Flaschenhals durchaus auch weitere Einflüsse wie einsetzende Klimaveränderungen und eine verstärkte Nahrungskonkurrenz. Dafür spricht etwa der Umstand, dass circa 10.000 Jahren vor unserer Zeitrechnung, während der quartären Aussterbewelle, etliche andere Großtierarten Amerikas ausgestorben sind, wie beispielsweise der Amerikanische Löwe."}],"vernacularNames":[{"vernacularName":"Amerikanische Geparde","language":"deu"}],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"323192180":"Carnivora","323192241":"Felidae"}},{"key":165705983,"datasetKey":"cbb6498e-8927-405a-916b-576d00a6289b","genus":"Miracinonyx","genusKey":165705983,"scientificName":"Miracinonyx Adams, 1979","canonicalName":"Miracinonyx","authorship":"Adams, 1979","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"1625545","extinct":true,"habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[{"description":"The American cheetah is either of two feline species of the extinct genus Miracinonyx, endemic to North America during the Pleistocene epoch (2.6 million to 12,000 years ago) and morphologically similar to the modern cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). These cats were originally known from fragments of skeletons, but nearly complete skeletons have been recovered from Natural Trap Cave in northern Wyoming. The two species commonly identified are M. inexpectatus and M. trumani. Sometimes, a third species, M. studeri, is included, but it is more often listed as a junior synonym of M. inexpectatus. Both species are similar to the modern cheetah, with faces shortened and nasal cavities expanded for increased oxygen capacity, and legs proportioned for swift running. However, these similarities may not be inherited from a common ancestor, but may instead result from either parallel or convergent evolution. These were larger than a modern cheetah and similar in size to a modern northern cougar. Body mass was typically around 70 kg, with a head-and-body length of 170 cm, tail length around 92 cm, and shoulder height of 85 cm. Large specimens could have weighed more than 95 kg."},{"description":"Fossils attributed to American cheetahs were first described from several isolated teeth from Port Kennedy Cave from Pennsylvania, dating back to the Irvingtonian age. The American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope considered these to be related to the spotted hyena, and described the material as Crocuta inexpectata in 1895.Edw. D. Cope. (1895). The fossil vertebrata from the fissure at Port Kennedy, Pa. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 446-450. In 1899 he reclassified the specimens as related to the snow leopard, Unicia inexpectata.Cope, E. D. (1899). Vertebrate remains from Port Kennedy bone deposit. More fossil material were recovered from similar age deposits in Maryland and Arkansas, where in 1941 American paleontologist George Gaylord Simpson found them all belonging to the same animal, one he considered to be more closely related to the cougar (naming the animal as Felis (Puma) inexpectata.Simpson, George Gaylord (1941). \"Large Pleistocene felines of North America. American Museum novitates ; no. 1136\". A second species, Felis studeri, was described by Savage in 1960 based on a more complete material consisting of extensive postcranial and cranial material of the animal.Savage, D. E. (1960). A Survey of Various Late Cenozoic Vertebrate Faunas of the Panhandle of Texas: Felidae. University of California Press. However, a 1976 review of fossil pumas from Kurtén considered F. inexpectata and F. studeri to be the same species, with F. inexpectata having priority. The other valid species (then as Felis trumani) was described in 1969 by Orr based on a complete skull from the Late Pleistocene found in Crypt Cave, Nevada. In 1979 Adams found these animals to be intermediates between cheetahs and cougars and decided to placed them in their own genus Miracinonyx. The name is a combination of the Latin \"mir\" (wonderful) and Acinonyx, which is a combination of the Greek for ἁκινητος (akinitos) meaning 'unmoved' or 'motionless', and ὄνυξ (onyx) meaning 'nail' or 'hoof."},{"description":"Fossil remains of Miracinonyx have been found across the United States. Fossils of M. trumani have been found in Arizona, Florida, Wyoming, Colorado, Nebraska, South Carolina, Maryland and Pennsylvania. The most complete finds of M. trumani are from the Natural Trap Cave in northern Wyoming. Fossil remains of M. inexpectatus found in Hamilton Cave in West Virginia show that this creature lived with and competed with other large cats like jaguars and saber-toothed cats. Fossils of M. inexpectatus have also been found in Florida, Texas, Colorado, Georgia, South Carolina, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and California. In 2022, the skeletal remains of a M. inexpectatus were retrieved from a cave in southwest Virginia."},{"description":"Research into the American cheetah has been contradictory. It was originally believed to be an early cougar representative, before being reclassified in the 1970s as a close relative of the cheetah. This suggested that the ancestors of the cheetah diverged from the Puma lineage in the Americas and migrated back to the Old World, a claim repeated as recently as 2006 by Johnson et al., and in 2015 by Dobrynin et al. However, other research by Barnett and Faurby, through examining mitochondrial DNA and reanalyzing morphology, has suggested reversing the reclassification: the American cheetah developed cheetah-like characteristics through parallel evolution, but it is most closely related to Puma and not to the modern cheetah of Africa and Asia. Moreover, Faurby notes that no Acinonyx fossils have been found in North America, and no Miracinonyx fossils elsewhere. However, O'Brien et al. (2016) posit that the supposed homoplasy between the genera is controversial, as it is asserted that is not necessarily any conclusive anatomical or genetic basis for dismissing a homologous relationship between Acinonyx and Miracinonyx. The veracity of the origin of the modern cheetah is also debated; however, Miracinonyx is believed to have evolved from cougar-like ancestors, regardless of whether in the Old World or the New World. The cougar and M. trumani are believed to have split from a cougar-like ancestor around three million years ago; where M. inexpectatus fits in is unclear, although it is probably a more primitive version of M. trumani. Below is the phylogeny from Chimento and Dondas (2017) when describing the earliest known fossil record of cougars in South America. As shown here, they found Miracinonyx to be a sister taxon to Puma (though in their paper they considered the former genus to be an extinct subgenus of the latter)."}],"vernacularNames":[{"vernacularName":"American cheetah","language":"eng"}],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{}},{"key":231548298,"datasetKey":"3f0f641c-cd4b-4694-8e47-c47be23ac2a9","nubKey":2435269,"parentKey":323451743,"parent":"Felidae","kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","order":"Carnivora","family":"Felidae","genus":"Acinonyx","kingdomKey":323451661,"phylumKey":323451662,"classKey":323451663,"orderKey":323451664,"familyKey":323451743,"genusKey":231548298,"scientificName":"Acinonyx Brookes 1828","canonicalName":"Acinonyx","authorship":"Brookes 1828","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"54980AC1B70AFE5A978DB83A0F797821.taxon","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[{"description":"Species and subspecies: 1 species with 6 subspecies: Species Acinonyx jubatus (Schreber 1775) Subspecies Acinonyx jubatus subsp. jubatus Schreber 1775 Subspecies Acinonyx jubatus subsp. hecki Hilzheimer 1913 Subspecies Acinonyx jubatus subsp. raineyi Heller 1913 Subspecies Acinonyx jubatus subsp. soemmeringii Fitzinger 1855 Subspecies Acinonyx jubatus subsp. velox Heller 1913 Subspecies Acinonyx jubatus subsp. venaticus Griffith 1821"},{"description":"Discussion: Wozencraft (1993) placed Acinonyx in the monophyletic subfamily Acinonychinae. Salles (1992), Johnson and O'Brien (1997), Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999), and Mattern and McLennan (2000) considered Acinonyx, Puma concolor, and Puma (= Herpailurus) yagouaroundi to represent close sister groups. Synonyms allocated according to McKenna and Bell (1997)."},{"description":"Type Species: Acinonyx venator Brookes 1828"}],"vernacularNames":[],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"323451661":"Animalia","323451662":"Chordata","323451663":"Mammalia","323451664":"Carnivora","323451743":"Felidae"},"class":"Mammalia"},{"key":165747908,"datasetKey":"cbb6498e-8927-405a-916b-576d00a6289b","genus":"Sivapanthera","genusKey":165747908,"scientificName":"Sivapanthera Kretzoi, 1929","canonicalName":"Sivapanthera","authorship":"Kretzoi, 1929","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"53479954","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[{"description":"Sivapanthera is a prehistoric genus of felid described by Kretzoi in 1929. Species of Sivapanthera are closely related to the modern cheetah but differ from modern cheetahs by having relatively longer brain cases, flatter foreheads, narrower nostrils and larger teeth. In many ways, skulls of Sivapanthera show similarity to that of the puma, or even those of Panthera. Scholars differ on the validity of this genus, while some think that it should be treated as a distinct genus, others think that its members should be treated as members of the Acinonyx genus, or even as subspecies of Acinonyx pardinensis. Two species were assigned to the genus in 2004: Sivapanthera padhriensis from the Tertiary deposits in Pakistan's Sivalik Hills. Sivapanthera linxiaensis from Early Pleistocene deposits in China's Dongxiang Autonomous County."}],"vernacularNames":[],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{}},{"key":2435269,"nameKey":147349,"datasetKey":"d7dddbf4-2cf0-4f39-9b2a-bb099caae36c","constituentKey":"7ddf754f-d193-4cc9-b351-99906754a03b","nubKey":2435269,"parentKey":9703,"parent":"Felidae","kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","order":"Carnivora","family":"Felidae","genus":"Acinonyx","kingdomKey":1,"phylumKey":44,"classKey":359,"orderKey":732,"familyKey":9703,"genusKey":2435269,"scientificName":"Acinonyx Brookes, 1828","canonicalName":"Acinonyx","authorship":"Brookes, 1828","publishedIn":"Cat. Anat. Zool. Mus. Joshua Brookes, London p.16, 33","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":13,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"gbif:2435269","extinct":false,"habitats":["TERRESTRIAL"],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[{"description":"COMMENT: Availability of Brookes catalogue names is uncertain (CPG)."},{"description":"Type Species: Acinonyx venator Brookes 1828"},{"description":"Discussion: Wozencraft (1993) placed Acinonyx in the monophyletic subfamily Acinonychinae. Salles (1992), Johnson and O'Brien (1997), Bininda-Emonds et al. (1999), and Mattern and McLennan (2000) considered Acinonyx, Puma concolor, and Puma (= Herpailurus) yagouaroundi to represent close sister groups. Synonyms allocated according to McKenna and Bell (1997)."},{"description":"Species and subspecies: 1 species with 6 subspecies: Species Acinonyx jubatus (Schreber 1775) Subspecies Acinonyx jubatus subsp. jubatus Schreber 1775 Subspecies Acinonyx jubatus subsp. hecki Hilzheimer 1913 Subspecies Acinonyx jubatus subsp. raineyi Heller 1913 Subspecies Acinonyx jubatus subsp. soemmeringii Fitzinger 1855 Subspecies Acinonyx jubatus subsp. velox Heller 1913 Subspecies Acinonyx jubatus subsp. venaticus Griffith 1821"},{"description":"TYPE SPECIES: Acinonyx Venator Brookes, 1828 (= Felis jubata Schreber, 1775), by monotypy (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1956 «; Melville and Smith, 1987)."}],"vernacularNames":[{"vernacularName":"獵豹屬","language":"zho"},{"vernacularName":"獵豹","language":"zho"},{"vernacularName":"Çita","language":"tur"},{"vernacularName":"เสือชีตาห์ ฯลฯ","language":"tha"},{"vernacularName":"Chita","language":"spa"},{"vernacularName":"Гепарды","language":"rus"},{"vernacularName":"Guepardo","language":"por"},{"vernacularName":"Chitas","language":"por"},{"vernacularName":"gepard","language":"pol"},{"vernacularName":"Jachtluipaarden","language":"nld"},{"vernacularName":"치타속","language":"kor"},{"vernacularName":"チーター属","language":"jpn"},{"vernacularName":"Ghepardo","language":"ita"},{"vernacularName":"Citah","language":"ind"},{"vernacularName":"gepárdok","language":"hun"},{"vernacularName":"ברדלס","language":"heb"},{"vernacularName":"Cheetahs","language":"eng"},{"vernacularName":"Cheetah","language":"eng"},{"vernacularName":"Geparde","language":"deu"},{"vernacularName":"Гепард","language":"bul"},{"vernacularName":"فهد","language":"ara"},{"vernacularName":"cheetah","language":"eng"}],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"1":"Animalia","44":"Chordata","359":"Mammalia","732":"Carnivora","9703":"Felidae"},"class":"Mammalia"},{"key":205120683,"datasetKey":"1ce75501-9bd6-4f4f-b9de-34a393211f7b","nubKey":2435022,"parentKey":323519828,"parent":"Felidae","kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Chordata","order":"Carnivora","family":"Felidae","genus":"Felis","kingdomKey":323519773,"phylumKey":323519774,"classKey":323519775,"orderKey":323519776,"familyKey":323519828,"genusKey":205120683,"scientificName":"Felis Linnaeus 1758","canonicalName":"Felis","authorship":"Linnaeus 1758","publishedIn":"Linnaeus (1758): Felis. Syst. Nat., 10th ed. 1","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"GENUS","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"03AB87D2FFF95875B9C55A58FC9FED88.taxon","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[{"description":"COMMENT: Includes Herpailurus, Leopardus, Lynchailurus, Oreailurus, Pardofelis, Prionailurus, Profelis, and Puma, which are all considered valid genera by CPG; also includes Badiofelis, Chaus, Leptailurus, Mayailurus, and Otocolobus; see Corbet and Hill, 1980: 104, Corbet, 1978: 180, and Hemmer, 1978, Carnivore, 1: 71. Felis is in need of revision. The number and content of genera that should be recognized is in dispute; see Hemmer, 1978, Carnivore, 1: 71, and Weigel, 1961, Saugetierk. Mitt., 9: 120. See also comments under Lynx and Panthera."}],"vernacularNames":[],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"323519773":"Animalia","323519774":"Chordata","323519775":"Mammalia","323519776":"Carnivora","323519828":"Felidae"},"class":"Mammalia"}],"facets":[]}