{"offset":0,"limit":20,"endOfRecords":true,"count":6,"results":[{"key":222238220,"nameKey":10616024,"datasetKey":"0e61f8fe-7d25-4f81-ada7-d970bbb2c6d6","nubKey":5109848,"parentKey":222238205,"parent":"Spodoptera","kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Arthropoda","order":"Lepidoptera","family":"Noctuidae","genus":"Spodoptera","species":"Spodoptera mauritia","kingdomKey":134521164,"phylumKey":222148992,"orderKey":222170106,"familyKey":222233141,"genusKey":222238205,"speciesKey":222238220,"scientificName":"Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval, 1833)","canonicalName":"Spodoptera mauritia","authorship":"(Boisduval, 1833) ","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"SPECIES","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":2,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"458423","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[],"vernacularNames":[{"vernacularName":"Lawn Armyworm","language":"eng"}],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"134521164":"Animalia","222148992":"Arthropoda","222170106":"Lepidoptera","222233141":"Noctuidae","222238205":"Spodoptera"}},{"key":205109528,"nameKey":10616024,"datasetKey":"6baf6a53-c106-40fb-bbde-f6d4e4051513","nubKey":5109848,"parentKey":315665202,"parent":"Noctuidae","kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Arthropoda","order":"Lepidoptera","family":"Noctuidae","species":"Spodoptera mauritia","kingdomKey":315664151,"phylumKey":315664630,"classKey":315664814,"orderKey":315665166,"familyKey":315665202,"speciesKey":205109528,"scientificName":"Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval, 1833)","canonicalName":"Spodoptera mauritia","authorship":"(Boisduval, 1833) ","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"SPECIES","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"https://www.gbif.org/species/5109848","extinct":false,"habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[],"vernacularNames":[{"vernacularName":"Lawn armyworm","language":"eng"}],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"315664151":"Animalia","315664630":"Arthropoda","315664814":"Insecta","315665166":"Lepidoptera","315665202":"Noctuidae"},"class":"Insecta"},{"key":101956969,"nameKey":10616024,"datasetKey":"9ca92552-f23a-41a8-a140-01abaa31c931","nubKey":5109848,"parentKey":101956960,"parent":"Spodoptera","kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Arthropoda","order":"Lepidoptera","family":"Noctuidae","genus":"Spodoptera","species":"Spodoptera mauritia","kingdomKey":101683523,"phylumKey":101701105,"classKey":101760843,"orderKey":101951239,"familyKey":101956515,"genusKey":101956960,"speciesKey":101956969,"scientificName":"Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval, 1833)","canonicalName":"Spodoptera mauritia","authorship":"(Boisduval, 1833) ","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"SPECIES","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"117473","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[],"vernacularNames":[{"vernacularName":"lawn armyworm","language":"eng"}],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"101683523":"Animalia","101701105":"Arthropoda","101760843":"Insecta","101951239":"Lepidoptera","101956515":"Noctuidae","101956960":"Spodoptera"},"class":"Insecta"},{"key":165833861,"datasetKey":"cbb6498e-8927-405a-916b-576d00a6289b","species":"Spodoptera mauritia","speciesKey":165833861,"scientificName":"Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval, 1833)","canonicalName":"Spodoptera mauritia","authorship":"(Boisduval, 1833)","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"SPECIES","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"28557394","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[{"description":"Spodoptera mauritia, the lawn armyworm or paddy swarming caterpillar, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1833. Able to eat many types of food, it is a major pest throughout the world."},{"description":"Plants attacked by caterpillars have skeletonized leaves, shot holes, and dieback stems. Commonly the entire paddy crop dies within few days due to swarming attack. Hand picking and other mechanical methods are used to reduce infection. Adults can be eliminated by introducing bolas spiders to the fields. This spider has the ability to spray a pheromone similar to the female moth, to attract male moths. The nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and usage of viruses like Nucleopolyhedrovirus are also effective. Moths traps like wing traps and unitraps can also used to collect adults."},{"description":"The wingspan is about 40 mm. It is dark grey brown with a rusty tinge on its body. The abdomen is fuscous. Forewings with sub-basal, antemedial and postmedial double waved lines indistinct. The orbicular small and ochreous, whereas reniform blackish. Submarginal line whitish and irregularly waved. There is a white patch often can be seen between orbicular and reniform and a dark patch on the central marginal area. Hindwings opalescent and semi-hyaline white, with a dark marginal line."},{"description":"It is widespread from the Red Sea to India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Malaya to Australia and widespread in the Pacific Islands, including the Solomons, New Hebrides, Fiji, Samoa, Hawaii, the Society Islands, Austral Islands, Marquesas and Marshall Islands."},{"description":"The larvae feed on various grasses, including rice, wheat, Cynodon, Pennisetum clandestinum, Sorghum bicolor, Oryza sativa, and trees such as Casuarina equisetifolia. They are considered one of the major international agricultural pests on crops and pastures. Unlike other insects, armyworm caterpillars of their sixth instar do not excrete uric acid, instead they excrete urea as nitrogenous wastes. Spodoptera mauritia has been found in the feces of the Greater tube-nosed bat."},{"description":"In 1969, small outbreaks of less than 200 acres have been reported in the Sabah region of Malaysia, but in 6,000 square miles of outbreak was recorded from Sarawak. These attacks vanished 20% of total rice production in Malaysia. In 1981, paddy nurseries near marshy areas were severely affected by armyworm in Indonesia. This induced transplanting programs throughout the country and re-sowing of seedlings into the field highly susceptible to the attack. In 1983, nursery beds were devastated by the caterpillars, reduced the total rice production. In Sri Lanka, the heavy outbreaks were recorded twice from the country, first in 1904 and then in 1920, where Jaffna paddy cultivations were destroyed by the caterpillars. An outbreak has been reported in Dibrugarh district of Assam, India during Kharif, 2012 The outbreak during Kharif, 2016 in Assam has been considered as one of the most devastating outbreaks in the state of Assam, India with an infestation in more than 34,650 ha area of rice across 28 districts."},{"description":"S. m. mauritia (Indian Ocean) S. m. acronyctoides Guenée, 1852 (Oriental tropics, Australia, Pacific tropics, Japan)"}],"vernacularNames":[{"vernacularName":"Lawn armyworm","language":"eng"}],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{}},{"key":5109848,"nameKey":10616024,"datasetKey":"d7dddbf4-2cf0-4f39-9b2a-bb099caae36c","constituentKey":"7ddf754f-d193-4cc9-b351-99906754a03b","nubKey":5109848,"parentKey":1765207,"parent":"Spodoptera","basionymKey":4687759,"basionym":"Hadena mauritia Boisduval, 1833","kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Arthropoda","order":"Lepidoptera","family":"Noctuidae","genus":"Spodoptera","species":"Spodoptera mauritia","kingdomKey":1,"phylumKey":54,"classKey":216,"orderKey":797,"familyKey":7015,"genusKey":1765207,"speciesKey":5109848,"scientificName":"Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval, 1833)","canonicalName":"Spodoptera mauritia","authorship":"(Boisduval, 1833) ","publishedIn":"Boisduval (1833) Nouveau Annales du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. 2.","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"SPECIES","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":4,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"gbif:5109848","extinct":false,"habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[{"description":"Piti, at light, May 9, 13, August 8, 9, 12, 13, 17, 18, Sept. 4, 7, 16, 24, Oct. 18, Nov. 26, Swezey; Sasa, Sept. 3, reared from larvae and pupae in rice seedling plots, Swezey; Piti, May 12, reared from larva on grass, Swezey; Sept. 111 reared from an egg cluster found on porch screen; Oct. 6, reared from larvae and pupae under stones in pasture; Oct. 25, reared from egg cluster on rose bush, Swezey. An ichneumonid, Echthromorpha conopleura Krieger, was reared from pupae of this moth. This moth has a wide distribution in the Old World tropics and the islands of the Pacific. For a long time it was supposed to be present i. n Hawaii, where it had become known as the nutgrass armyworm, and sometimes severely injured cane fields which were infested with nutgrass. Recently, however, the correct name for the pest in Hawaii was determined as Laphygma e. xempta (Walker), which has much the same geographical distribution and habits as Spodoptera mauritia. Fullaway reared Spodoptera mauritia from Bermuda grass in 1911. In more recent years it has been known as a rice pest, often becoming numerous in the rice fields, or in the seedling beds. Eggs were abundantly laid on under side of leaves of rose bushes in lawn at our residence. The caterpillars, never numerous, did not feed on the rose but ate several kinds of grass. Some of the caterpillars hatching from eggs were fed to maturity on grass. The caterpillars are very similar to those of Laphygma e. xempta in Hawaii. The Teien ~ omus nawai from Honolulu became established on the Spodoptera eggs, as well as on Prodenia eggs."},{"description":"Hadena mauritia Boisduval, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 2 (2): 240, 1833. Spodoptera mauritia, Hampson, Fauna Brit. India, Moths 2: 248, 1894."}],"vernacularNames":[{"vernacularName":"Lawn armyworm","language":"eng"},{"vernacularName":"灰翅夜蛾","language":"zho"},{"vernacularName":"水稻葉夜蛾","language":"zho"},{"vernacularName":"劍斜紋夜蛾","language":"zho"},{"vernacularName":"Совка рисовая полевая","language":"rus"},{"vernacularName":"열대거세미밤나방","language":"kor"},{"vernacularName":"シロナヨトウ","language":"jpn"},{"vernacularName":"lawn armyworm","language":"eng"},{"vernacularName":"Lawn Armyworm Moth","language":"eng"},{"vernacularName":"lawn armyworm","language":"eng"},{"vernacularName":"Lawn Armyworm","language":"eng"}],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"1":"Animalia","54":"Arthropoda","216":"Insecta","797":"Lepidoptera","7015":"Noctuidae","1765207":"Spodoptera"},"class":"Insecta"},{"key":297810492,"datasetKey":"7ddf754f-d193-4cc9-b351-99906754a03b","nubKey":5109848,"parentKey":297810121,"parent":"Spodoptera","kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Arthropoda","order":"Lepidoptera","family":"Noctuidae","genus":"Spodoptera","species":"Spodoptera mauritia","kingdomKey":296374190,"phylumKey":296374886,"classKey":296434567,"orderKey":301894476,"familyKey":297750257,"genusKey":297810121,"speciesKey":297810492,"scientificName":"Spodoptera mauritia (Boisduval, 1833)","canonicalName":"Spodoptera mauritia","authorship":"(Boisduval, 1833)","publishedIn":"Boisduval. (1833). Nouveau Annales du Museum d’Histoire Naturelle. 2. http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84601#page/188/mode/2up","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"SPECIES","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"4Z9PH","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[],"vernacularNames":[{"vernacularName":"Lawn Armyworm Moth","language":"eng"},{"vernacularName":"lawn armyworm","language":"eng"},{"vernacularName":"シロナヨトウ","language":"jpn"},{"vernacularName":"열대거세미밤나방","language":"kor"},{"vernacularName":"Совка рисовая полевая","language":"rus"},{"vernacularName":"劍斜紋夜蛾","language":"zho"},{"vernacularName":"水稻葉夜蛾","language":"zho"},{"vernacularName":"灰翅夜蛾","language":"zho"}],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"296374190":"Animalia","296374886":"Arthropoda","296434567":"Insecta","301894476":"Lepidoptera","297750257":"Noctuidae","297810121":"Spodoptera"},"class":"Insecta"}],"facets":[]}