{"key":"270570ea-7624-4a3d-8c4c-5da0f145fecc","installationKey":"6e2e8392-924d-43b7-854a-67f6005092b2","publishingOrganizationKey":"4aaf1825-3ebd-4943-87a3-f67552d468f1","doi":"10.15468/cxfbvw","external":false,"numConstituents":0,"type":"OCCURRENCE","shortName":"eDNA marine data 2018","title":"Marine biodiversity patterns from environmental DNA in the Galápagos Marine Reserve","description":"\n            OTU table\n        ","language":"eng","citation":{"text":"Pazmiño D, Rius M, Holman L, Hearn A, Naveira A (2026). Marine biodiversity patterns from environmental DNA in the Galápagos Marine Reserve. Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/cxfbvw accessed via GBIF.org on 2026-10-26.","citationProvidedBySource":false},"contactsCitation":[{"key":7066866,"abbreviatedName":"Pazmiño D","firstName":"Diana","lastName":"Pazmiño","roles":["METADATA_AUTHOR","ORIGINATOR"],"userId":[]},{"key":7066867,"abbreviatedName":"Rius M","firstName":"Marc","lastName":"Rius","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":[]},{"key":7066868,"abbreviatedName":"Holman L","firstName":"Luke","lastName":"Holman","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":[]},{"key":7066869,"abbreviatedName":"Hearn A","firstName":"Alexander","lastName":"Hearn","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":[]},{"key":7066870,"abbreviatedName":"Naveira A","firstName":"Alberto","lastName":"Naveira","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":[]}],"lockedForAutoUpdate":false,"createdBy":"4aaf1825-3ebd-4943-87a3-f67552d468f1","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-07-03T19:31:21.151+00:00","modified":"2026-07-03T19:32:22.831+00:00","contacts":[{"key":7066866,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":true,"userId":[],"firstName":"Diana","lastName":"Pazmiño","position":["Investigador Principal"],"email":["dapazmino@usfq.edu.ec"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito","address":[],"country":"EC","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-07-03T19:32:22.808+00:00","modified":"2026-07-03T19:32:22.808+00:00"},{"key":7066867,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Marc","lastName":"Rius","position":["Investigador Colaborador"],"email":["M.Rius@soton.ac.uk"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"University of Southampton","address":[],"country":"GB","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-07-03T19:32:22.809+00:00","modified":"2026-07-03T19:32:22.809+00:00"},{"key":7066868,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Luke","lastName":"Holman","position":["Profesor asistente"],"email":["luke.holman@sund.ku.dk"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"University of Copenhagen","address":[],"country":"DK","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-07-03T19:32:22.810+00:00","modified":"2026-07-03T19:32:22.810+00:00"},{"key":7066869,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Alexander","lastName":"Hearn","position":["Investigador Colaborador"],"email":["ahearn@usfq.edu.ec"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito","address":[],"country":"EC","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-07-03T19:32:22.811+00:00","modified":"2026-07-03T19:32:22.811+00:00"},{"key":7066870,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Alberto","lastName":"Naveira","position":["Profesor"],"email":["acng@soton.ac.uk"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Universidad de Southampton","address":[],"country":"GB","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-07-03T19:32:22.812+00:00","modified":"2026-07-03T19:32:22.812+00:00"},{"key":7066871,"type":"METADATA_AUTHOR","primary":true,"userId":[],"firstName":"Diana","lastName":"Pazmiño","position":["Investigador Principal"],"email":["dapazmino@usfq.edu.ec"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito","address":[],"country":"EC","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-07-03T19:32:22.813+00:00","modified":"2026-07-03T19:32:22.813+00:00"},{"key":7066872,"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":true,"userId":[],"firstName":"Diana","lastName":"Pazmiño","position":["Investigador Principal"],"email":["dapazmino@usfq.edu.ec"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Universidad San Francisco de Quito","address":[],"country":"EC","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-07-03T19:32:22.814+00:00","modified":"2026-07-03T19:32:22.814+00:00"}],"endpoints":[{"key":1302589,"type":"DWC_ARCHIVE","url":"https://ipt.sibbr.gov.br/obis-brasil/archive.do?r=set_2_elasmo","createdBy":"4aaf1825-3ebd-4943-87a3-f67552d468f1","modifiedBy":"4aaf1825-3ebd-4943-87a3-f67552d468f1","created":"2026-07-03T19:31:21.339+00:00","modified":"2026-07-03T19:31:21.339+00:00","machineTags":[]},{"key":1302588,"type":"EML","url":"https://ipt.sibbr.gov.br/obis-brasil/eml.do?r=set_2_elasmo","createdBy":"4aaf1825-3ebd-4943-87a3-f67552d468f1","modifiedBy":"4aaf1825-3ebd-4943-87a3-f67552d468f1","created":"2026-07-03T19:31:21.305+00:00","modified":"2026-07-03T19:31:21.305+00:00","machineTags":[]}],"machineTags":[{"key":33267516,"namespace":"crawler.gbif.org","name":"crawl_attempt","value":"12","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-10-19T01:14:49.959+00:00"}],"tags":[],"identifiers":[],"comments":[],"bibliographicCitations":[],"curatorialUnits":[],"taxonomicCoverages":[{"coverages":[{"scientificName":"Testudines","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Squamata","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Artiodactyla","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Scombriformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Galliformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Passeriformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Pelecaniformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Chondrichthyes","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Tetraodontiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Ophidiiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Beryciformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Priacanthiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Primates","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Chordata","rank":{"verbatim":"phylum","interpreted":"PHYLUM"}},{"scientificName":"Stomiiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Aves","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Heterodontiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Carnivora","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Sphenisciformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Salmoniformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Mammalia","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Haplosclerida","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Acanthuriformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Centrarchiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Carangiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Lophiiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Carcharhiniformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Mugiliformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Aulopiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Metazoa","rank":{"verbatim":"kingdom","interpreted":"KINGDOM"}},{"scientificName":"Gonorynchiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Myliobatiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Cichliformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Demospongiae","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Gobiiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Kurtiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Labriformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Porifera","rank":{"verbatim":"phylum","interpreted":"PHYLUM"}},{"scientificName":"Syngnathiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Beloniformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Blenniiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Perciformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Argentiniformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Lutjaniformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Lepidosauria","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Spariformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Holocentriformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Rajiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Columbiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Actinopteri","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Chaetodontiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Charadriiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Cypriniformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Anguilliformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Lampriformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Procellariiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Uranoscopiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Pleuronectiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Gerreiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Clupeiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Myctophiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}}]}],"geographicCoverages":[{"description":"The Galápagos Archipelago, located in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean","boundingBox":{"minLatitude":-2.46,"maxLatitude":2.153,"minLongitude":-92.681,"maxLongitude":-88.462,"globalCoverage":false}}],"temporalCoverages":[{"@type":"range","start":"2018-09-30T00:00:00.000+00:00","end":"2018-09-30T00:00:00.000+00:00"}],"keywordCollections":[{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml","keywords":["Occurrence"]},{"thesaurus":"N/A","keywords":["Biodiversity hotspot; beta diversity; eDNA metabarcoding; Galápagos Islands; ocean circulation; particle tracking; seawater flow resistance; spatial ecology"]}],"project":{"title":"Marine biodiversity patterns from environmental DNA in the Galápagos Marine Reserve","identifier":"eDNA_marine_12S_2018","contacts":[{"type":"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR","primary":false,"userId":[],"salutation":"Dr.","firstName":"Diana","lastName":"Pazmiño","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"PUBLISHER","primary":false,"userId":[],"salutation":"Dr","firstName":"Selene","lastName":"Escobar","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]}],"funding":"The work received support from a UK Royal Society Grant (CH160019) led by ANG. LH was supported by the Natural Environmental Research Council UK (grant number NE/L002531/1) and the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no. 856488). MR and LH acknowledge support from the BlueDNA research grant (PID2023-146307OB) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and by ERDF/EU.","awards":[],"studyAreaDescription":"The study was conducted in the Galápagos Archipelago, located approximately 900 km west of mainland Ecuador in the Eastern Tropical Pacific. This system comprises 13 major islands exhibiting distinct bioregional patterns shaped by oceanographic variability, including northern, central, western, and channel-associated regions. Previous surveys have identified strong ecological differentiation across these zones. Seawater samples were collected from 23 sites across the central and southern islands during September 2018, capturing spatial variability in marine communities within this heterogeneous and dynamic seascape.","relatedProjects":[],"abstract":"This study investigates how fine-scale oceanographic processes shape marine biodiversity patterns in the Galápagos Archipelago. Using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding targeting the 12S marker, combined with high-resolution ocean modeling, we assessed community composition of fishes and elasmobranchs across multiple sites. Traditional metrics of ocean connectivity showed limited ability to explain spatial patterns of beta diversity. To address this, we developed a novel metric of cumulative seawater flow resistance, which better captured differences in community composition and performed comparably to key environmental variables such as temperature and geographic distance. Our findings highlight the importance of local hydrodynamic variability in structuring marine communities and emphasize the need to incorporate fine-scale oceanographic processes into biodiversity assessments and conservation planning."},"samplingDescription":{"studyExtent":"Sampling was conducted across 23 sites distributed throughout the Galápagos Archipelago, encompassing central, southern, northern, and western islands. Sites included locations on Isabela, Fernandina, Santiago, Santa Cruz, Floreana, Española, Pinta, Marchena, Genovesa, Rábida, and Seymour. These sites spanned multiple bioregions, including western, northern, Elizabeth, and central-southeastern zones, capturing the archipelago’s environmental heterogeneity. Sampling covered a wide geographic range (approximately −1.36° to 0.60° latitude), with varying distances from shore and depth profiles. This spatial design allowed representation of diverse oceanographic conditions and ecological contexts, supporting robust assessment of marine biodiversity patterns across the region.","sampling":"Seawater samples were collected from 23 sites across southern and central Galápagos in September 2018. At each site, 3 L were filtered from surface and depth (3.5–30.5 m) to capture fish diversity via eDNA. Strict decontamination protocols, controls, and preservation with ATL buffer ensured sample integrity prior to processing.","qualityControl":"Strict quality control measures were implemented throughout sampling, laboratory processing, and bioinformatic analyses to minimize contamination and ensure data reliability. During field collection, all equipment was sterilized with 5% bleach between samples, and negative controls (filtered distilled water) were included for each deployment. Samples were preserved immediately and processed in a dedicated low-DNA laboratory physically isolated from PCR facilities, where no high-copy DNA was permitted. Laboratory surfaces and materials were routinely decontaminated. To reduce bias, sample identities were blinded prior to DNA extraction. PCR inhibition was assessed using internal positive controls, and affected samples were treated with an inhibition removal kit. Multiple PCR replicates per sample were conducted and pooled to improve detection sensitivity. Negative controls were included at all stages (sampling, extraction, and PCR) and sequenced alongside samples. Bioinformatic filtering removed low-abundance reads, contaminants, and erroneous sequences, and taxonomic assignments were rigorously curated using reference databases and manual validation.","methodSteps":["Seawater samples were collected from 23 sites across the central and southern Galápagos Islands in September 2018. At each site, 1 L of surface water (30 cm depth) and 2 L from maximum depth (3.5–30.5 m) were filtered through 0.22 μm Sterivex filters using sterile syringes. Filters were preserved with ATL buffer. Field protocols included equipment sterilization with 5% bleach and the use of negative controls.","DNA extraction was conducted in a dedicated low-DNA laboratory using the SXCAPSULE protocol. Samples were tested for PCR inhibition and treated when necessary. Metabarcoding targeted the mitochondrial 12S region using two primer sets (teleosts and elasmobranchs). Libraries were prepared using a two-step PCR protocol with eight technical replicates per sample, pooled, cleaned with AMPure XP beads, indexed, quantified, and sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform (2×300 bp), including all controls.","Bioinformatic processing included demultiplexing, primer trimming (Cutadapt), denoising into ASVs (DADA2), and curation (LULU). Low-abundance reads and contaminants were removed, and datasets were normalized. Taxonomic assignment was conducted using BLAST against the NCBI nt database, followed by lowest-common-ancestor assignment and manual validation. Erroneous, contaminant, and non-target sequences were excluded, and high-confidence taxa were retained for downstream analyses."]},"countryCoverage":[],"collections":[],"dataDescriptions":[],"dataLanguage":"eng","purpose":"This dataset consists of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding data derived from seawater samples collected across multiple sites within the Galápagos Marine Reserve during a research cruise conducted in 2018. The dataset is structured to facilitate both taxonomic and community-level analyses and is organized into several core components. These typically include (1) a sample metadata table containing information on sampling locations, geographic coordinates, collection dates; (2) a sequence-derived feature table (operational taxonomic units) with read counts per sample; and (3) a taxonomic assignment table linking sequence features to identified taxa, primarily teleost fishes and elasmobranchs based on the 12S rRNA marker.\nThe data were generated following standard eDNA workflows, including water filtration, DNA extraction, PCR amplification of the 12S marker (using universal primers/using elasmobranch-specific primers), high-throughput sequencing, and bioinformatic processing for quality control, denoising, and taxonomic annotation. Users should be aware that read counts are semi-quantitative and influenced by methodological and ecological factors; therefore, analyses often focus on presence–absence data or relative patterns of community composition.\nThe dataset is suitable for integration with spatial and environmental data, including oceanographic model outputs such as current velocity fields and particle-tracking simulations. While no specialized proprietary software is required, analyses typically rely on common bioinformatics and ecological tools available in platforms such as R (e.g., packages for community ecology, phyloseq, or vegan). Data are provided in standard tabular formats (e.g., CSV), ensuring compatibility with a wide range of analytical workflows.\nOverall, the dataset supports investigations of biodiversity patterns, community turnover, and connectivity, and is particularly well suited for studies examining the interaction between biological and physical processes in marine ecosystems.","introduction":"Understanding the processes that structure marine biodiversity is a central challenge in ecology and conservation, particularly in oceanic archipelagos where environmental heterogeneity and complex circulation patterns interact across multiple spatial scales. The Galápagos Archipelago, located in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, is characterized by highly dynamic oceanographic conditions driven by the convergence of major currents, localized upwelling systems, and fine-scale hydrodynamic variability. These processes are known to influence productivity and species distributions, yet their role in structuring marine community composition at fine spatial scales remains insufficiently resolved.\nRecent advances in environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding have transformed biodiversity assessment by enabling the detection of species presence from genetic material in environmental samples. In marine systems, eDNA approaches have proven particularly valuable for surveying diverse and mobile taxa such as fishes and elasmobranchs, complementing traditional methods and enhancing taxonomic resolution. However, linking eDNA-derived community patterns to underlying physical drivers requires integration with oceanographic data and modeling frameworks.\nThis dataset was generated as part of a multidisciplinary research effort combining high-resolution ocean circulation models with eDNA metabarcoding to investigate the drivers of biodiversity patterns in the Galápagos Marine Reserve. Specifically, the project aimed to test whether commonly used Lagrangian connectivity metrics can explain spatial variation in community composition, and to explore alternative descriptors of hydrodynamic structure when such metrics fall short. The resulting analyses revealed that a novel metric quantifying cumulative seawater flow resistance provides a stronger explanation of beta diversity patterns than traditional connectivity measures.","gettingStarted":"This dataset consists of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding data derived from seawater samples collected across multiple sites within the Galápagos Marine Reserve during a research cruise conducted in 2018. The dataset is structured to facilitate both taxonomic and community-level analyses and is organized into several core components. These typically include (1) a sample metadata table containing information on sampling locations, geographic coordinates, collection dates; (2) a sequence-derived feature table (operational taxonomic units) with read counts per sample; and (3) a taxonomic assignment table linking sequence features to identified taxa, primarily teleost fishes and elasmobranchs based on the 12S rRNA marker.\nThe data were generated following standard eDNA workflows, including water filtration, DNA extraction, PCR amplification of the 12S marker using elasmobranch-specific primers, high-throughput sequencing, and bioinformatic processing for quality control, denoising, and taxonomic annotation. Users should be aware that read counts are semi-quantitative and influenced by methodological and ecological factors; therefore, analyses often focus on presence–absence data or relative patterns of community composition.\nThe dataset is suitable for integration with spatial and environmental data, including oceanographic model outputs such as current velocity fields and particle-tracking simulations. While no specialized proprietary software is required, analyses typically rely on common bioinformatics and ecological tools available in platforms such as R (e.g., packages for community ecology, phyloseq, or vegan). Data are provided in standard tabular formats (e.g., CSV), ensuring compatibility with a wide range of analytical workflows.\nOverall, the dataset supports investigations of biodiversity patterns, community turnover, and connectivity, and is particularly well suited for studies examining the interaction between biological and physical processes in marine ecosystems.","acknowledgements":"All authors thank the Galápagos National Park Directorate (GNPD), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), and Galápagos Science Center (GSC) for logistic support for fieldwork, and the Ministry of Environment of Ecuador for granting a collection permit (MAE-DNB-CM-2016-0041). The work received support from a UK Royal Society Grant (CH160019) led by ANG. LH was supported by the Natural Environmental Research Council UK (grant number NE/L002531/1) and the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no. 856488). MR and LH acknowledge support from the BlueDNA research grant (PID2023-146307OB) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) and by ERDF/EU. The authors thank Julián Regalado Pérez for discussions on oceanographic resistance.","pubDate":"2026-07-03T00:00:00.000+00:00","maintenanceUpdateFrequency":"ANNUALLY","maintenanceDescription":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode","dwca":{"coreType":"http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Occurrence","extensions":["http://rs.gbif.org/terms/1.0/DNADerivedData"],"modified":"2026-07-03T19:32:22.759+00:00"},"approximateCounts":{"occurrenceCount":3775}}