{"key":"2d6621d3-a1ba-464b-9a96-cbc908eccf0b","installationKey":"06d75b22-fc7a-42ff-a14f-65a25cd0f3ab","publishingOrganizationKey":"0a80feca-b411-428a-a34e-c5c2fa07cdba","doi":"10.15468/4xawb8","version":"1.12","external":false,"numConstituents":0,"type":"SAMPLING_EVENT","title":"Benthic marine macroalgae of São Miguel Island (Azores): 2017 survey","description":"\n            This dataset originates from a standardized benthic survey conducted in 2017 at multiple coastal locations around São Miguel Island, Azores (Northeast Atlantic), within the scope of the ASPAZOR project. The primary objective of the sampling campaign was to characterize the composition and spatial variability of shallow subtidal macroalgal assemblages across representative benthic habitats of the island. Using consistent field methodologies, the survey generated a robust baseline of macroalgal community data, enabling comparisons among sites and supporting assessments of benthic biodiversity patterns at local and regional scales. The dataset provides reference information relevant for ecological assessment and long-term monitoring, including the evaluation of environmental variability, human pressures, and potential changes in community structure over time, such as those associated with the introduction or spread of non-indigenous species in coastal ecosystems. This dataset is made publicly available under the BenthicAZ project (recipient of the DTO-BioFlow second Open Call), aimed at contributing to the consolidation, standardization, and open dissemination of coastal benthic biodiversity information from the Azores, supporting future research, monitoring programs, and regional data integration efforts.\n        ","language":"eng","citation":{"text":"Faria J, Cacabelos E, Costa T, Martins G, Moreu I, Prestes A (2026). Benthic marine macroalgae of São Miguel Island (Azores): 2017 survey. Version 1.12. Universidade dos Açores. 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study was conducted on São Miguel Island, part of the Azores Archipelago (Portugal), located in the Eastern Group of the archipelago. Sampling was carried out at multiple coastal sites distributed around the island, targeting representative shallow subtidal rocky habitats.","boundingBox":{"minLatitude":37.713042,"maxLatitude":37.909614,"minLongitude":-25.835686,"maxLongitude":-25.133758,"globalCoverage":false}}],"temporalCoverages":[{"@type":"range","start":"2017-06-21T00:00:00.000+00:00","end":"2017-06-29T00:00:00.000+00:00"}],"keywordCollections":[{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml","keywords":["Macaronesia","Marine","Macroalgae","Benthos","Azores"]}],"project":{"title":"ASPAZOR: Ecosystem impacts and socioeconomic benefits of Asparagopsis armata in the Azores","contacts":[{"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"João","lastName":"Faria","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Ana","lastName":"Neto","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Carmo","lastName":"Barreto","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Eva","lastName":"Cacabelos","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Marc","lastName":"Fernandez","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Afonso","lastName":"Prestes","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Gustavo","lastName":"Martins","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Artur","lastName":"Gil","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Anabela","lastName":"Isidoro","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Vasco","lastName":"Medeiros","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Ruben","lastName":"Amaral","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"João","lastName":"Pacheco","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Ignacio","lastName":"Moreu","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]}],"funding":"The ASPAZOR project ACORES-01-1045-FEDER-00060 was funded through FEDER (85%) and Regional funds (15%) via Programa Operacional Açores 2020. Funding was also provided from National Funds through FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under the project UID/BIA/00329/2013. GMM was supported by post-doctoral grants awarded also by FCT (SFRH/BDP/108114/2015). E Cacabelos benefitted from a post-doctoral fellowship awarded by ARDITI Grant Programme Madeira 14-20 (M1420-09-5369-FSE-000001). ACLP was supported by PhD grant awarded by FRCT- Fundo Regional da Ciência e Tecnologia (M3.1.a/F/083/2015). Funding to put data open access in AZORES BIOPORTAL was obtained from the project “Upgrading the Azorean Biodiversity Portal Infrastructure (AZORES BIOPORTAL- PORBIOTA) to Boost Biodiversity Research, Management, and Education -PORBIOTA” (DRCID, ACORES2030-FEDER-03420600). Data transformation and publication was funded by the European Union under the Horizon Europe Programme with Grant Agreement No. 101112823 (DTO-BioFlow) through an FSTP call.","awards":[],"studyAreaDescription":"This specific dataset was obtained from sampling in São Miguel Island, Azores, Portugal. São Miguel Island belongs to the Eastern Group of the Azores archipelago and is located in the North Atlantic Ocean, approximately 1,600 km west of mainland Europe. It is the largest island in the archipelago, covering about 745 km², and is of volcanic origin, with a rugged morphology and a pronounced altitudinal gradient that reaches approximately 1,105 m above sea level. The coastline is highly indented and shaped by volcanic processes, featuring lava flows, cliffs, and extensive rocky shores. Coastal environments are predominantly rocky and provide wide areas of shallow subtidal habitat. In these shallow subtidal zones, benthic habitats are heterogeneous and mainly composed of volcanic substrates, including basaltic bedrock, boulder fields, and interspersed sandy patches. This substrate heterogeneity generates a diversity of microhabitats that support rich macroalgal assemblages and associated benthic communities, making São Miguel a particularly suitable setting for studies on subtidal ecology and coastal biodiversity in the Azores.","designDescription":"This specific dataset comprises data derived from benthic surveys conducted at 15 locations on São Miguel Island, Azores (Northeast Atlantic), in 2017, with the objective of characterizing macroalgal assemblages. At each location, ten 50 × 50 cm quadrats (meters apart) were haphazardly placed on the seabed at about 5 m depth from the surface. The macroalgae assemblage in each quadrat was visually sampled using the method of Dethier et al. (1993; Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 96, 93–100), where a score of 0 (absent) to 4 (filled = 4%) was given to each taxa within each of the twenty-five 10 × 10 cm subquadrats. Organisms filling overall less that 1/4 (= 1%) of a single subquadrat were recorded as rare and later ascribed an arbitrary score of 0.5%.","relatedProjects":[{"title":"BenthicAZ: Towards a unified standard for marine benthic data in the Azores","contacts":[{"type":"METADATA_AUTHOR","primary":false,"userId":["http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=EzMdwR4AAAAJ&hl=en"],"firstName":"João","lastName":"Faria","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]}]}],"abstract":"This dataset originates from a standardized benthic survey conducted in 2017 at multiple coastal locations around São Miguel Island, Azores (Northeast Atlantic), within the scope of the ASPAZOR project. ASPAZOR investigated how the non-indigenous cryptic species complex A. armata, a high-profile invasive red seaweed, impacted Azorean ecosystem services and biodiversity under current and future environmental scenarios. In addition, the project assessed whether A. armata had the potential to become a profitable marine resource in the Azores, providing guidance on the amount of biomass available for economically and environmentally sustainable exploitation."},"samplingDescription":{"studyExtent":"The study encompasses multiple coastal locations around São Miguel Island, the largest island of the Azores archipelago, situated in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. Surveys were conducted exclusively in shallow subtidal habitats at approximately 5 m depth, along a highly indented volcanic coastline dominated by rocky substrates, including basaltic bedrock, boulder fields, and interspersed sandy patches. These habitats are representative of the predominant coastal environments of the island.","sampling":"Benthic macroalgal assemblages were surveyed in 2017 at multiple shallow subtidal locations around São Miguel Island (Azores) using SCUBA-based visual sampling. At each site, ten 50 × 50 cm quadrats were haphazardly placed on rocky substrates at approximately 5 m depth. Macroalgal taxa were assessed in situ using a semi-quantitative subquadrat cover estimation method adapted from Dethier et al. (1993), based on twenty-five 10 × 10 cm subquadrats per quadrat. Rare taxa (<1% cover) were assigned a nominal cover value. Field observations were compiled into a structured dataset by sampling event, location, and quadrat, with percent cover values standardized across sites. Taxonomic names were harmonized according to current accepted nomenclature, and records were formatted to ensure interoperability with biodiversity data standards, resulting in a consistent baseline for spatial comparison and long-term monitoring of shallow subtidal macroalgal assemblages in the Azores.","qualityControl":"Field surveys were conducted by experienced scientific divers with training in benthic ecology and macroalgal identification. Care was taken to place quadrats on representative, undisturbed substrates and to apply cover scores consistently across sites. Taxonomic identification was performed with particular attention to accuracy, using regional and general taxonomic guides, illustrated floras, and identification keys appropriate for Northeast Atlantic and Macaronesian macroalgae. Ambiguous or morphologically challenging specimens were conservatively identified at the lowest confident taxonomic level. Nomenclature was reviewed and standardized to ensure internal consistency and compatibility with downstream biodiversity data infrastructures, enhancing the reliability and reusability of the dataset.","methodSteps":["Field sampling: shallow subtidal macroalgal assemblages were surveyed in 2017 at multiple coastal locations around São Miguel Island (Azores) using standardized SCUBA-based protocols. At each site, ten 50 × 50 cm quadrats were haphazardly placed on representative rocky substrates at approximately 5 m depth. Sampling was conducted under suitable sea and visibility conditions by trained scientific divers experienced in benthic ecology.","Visual assessment and cover estimation: macroalgal taxa within each quadrat were visually assessed in situ using the subquadrat-based cover estimation method of Dethier et al. (1993). Each quadrat was subdivided into twenty-five 10 × 10 cm subquadrats, and taxa were assigned semi-quantitative cover scores based on their presence and relative abundance. Taxa occupying less than 1% cover were recorded as rare and assigned a nominal value to reflect low abundance.","Taxonomic identification: taxonomic identification of macroalgae was performed using regional and general taxonomic literature, illustrated floras, and identification keys appropriate for Northeast Atlantic and Macaronesian macroalgae. When field identification was uncertain, organisms were conservatively identified to the lowest confident taxonomic level to minimize misidentification.","Quality control and standardization: quality control measures included the consistent application of cover estimation criteria across all sites and surveys, careful placement of quadrats on undisturbed and representative substrates, and cross-checking of taxonomic identifications. Nomenclature was reviewed and standardized to ensure internal consistency and compatibility with downstream biodiversity data infrastructures.","Data processing and dataset production: validated field observations and taxonomic records were compiled, checked for completeness and consistency, and formatted into structured data files. These processed data constitute the final dataset describing macroalgal community composition and relative abundance across surveyed sites and are suitable for reuse, interpretation, and replication by other researchers."]},"countryCoverage":[],"collections":[],"dataDescriptions":[],"dataLanguage":"eng","acknowledgements":"<p>Funding was provided through FEDER (85%) and Regional funds (15%) via Programa Operacional Açores 2020 to the research project ACORES-01-1045-FEDER-00060. Funding was also provided from National Funds through FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under the project UID/BIA/00329/2013. GMM was supported by post-doctoral grants awarded also by FCT (SFRH/BDP/108114/2015). E Cacabelos benefitted from a post-doctoral fellowship awarded by ARDITI Grant Programme Madeira 14-20 (M1420-09-5369-FSE-000001). ACLP was supported by PhD grant awarded by FRCT- Fundo Regional da Ciência e Tecnologia (M3.1.a/F/083/2015). The BenthicAZ project was funded through a DTO-BioFlow Open Call granted to JF under the European Digital Twin of the Ocean (EU DTO) framework, supported by the Horizon Europe programme of the European Union. This study is a contribution for the research project ACORES-01-1045-FEDER-00060 funded through FEDER (85%) and Regional funds (15%) via Programa Operacional Açores 2020. Funding was also provided from National Funds through FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under the project UID/BIA/00329/2013. GMM was supported by post-doctoral grants awarded also by FCT (SFRH/BDP/108114/2015). E Cacabelos benefitted from a post-doctoral fellowship awarded by ARDITI Grant Programme Madeira 14-20 (M1420-09-5369-FSE-000001). ACLP was supported by PhD grant awarded by FRCT- Fundo Regional da Ciência e Tecnologia (M3.1.a/F/083/2015). Funding to put data open access in AZORES BIOPORTAL was obtained from the project “Upgrading the Azorean Biodiversity Portal Infrastructure (AZORES BIOPORTAL- PORBIOTA) to Boost Biodiversity Research, Management, and Education - PORBIOTA” (DRCID, ACORES2030-FEDER-03420600). Data transformation and publication was funded by the European Union under the Horizon Europe Programme with Grant Agreement No. 101112823 (DTO-BioFlow) through an FSTP call.</p>","additionalInfo":"Data included in this dataset was used in the following peer-reviewed scientific publications:\nFaria, J., Prestes, A.C.L., Moreu, I., Cacabelos, E. & Martins, G.M. (2022). Dramatic changes in the structure of shallow-water marine benthic communities following the invasion by Rugulopteryx okamurae (Dictyotales, Ochrophyta) in the Azores (NE Atlantic). Marine Pollution Bulletin 175: 113358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113358\nMartins, G.M., Cacabelos, E., Faria, J., Álvaro, N.M., Prestes, A.C.L. & Neto, A.I. (2019). Patterns of distribution of the invasive alga Asparagopsis armata Harvey: a multi-scaled approach. Aquatic Invasions, 14(4): 582-593. https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2019.14.4.02","pubDate":"2026-09-24T00:00:00.000+00:00","maintenanceUpdateFrequency":"AS_NEEDED","maintenanceDescription":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","dwca":{"coreType":"http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Event","extensions":["http://rs.iobis.org/obis/terms/ExtendedMeasurementOrFact","http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Occurrence"],"modified":"2026-09-24T12:53:47.858+00:00"},"approximateCounts":{"occurrenceCount":2970}}