This checklist documents the vascular\nplant diversity of the Important Plant\nArea (IPA) “Chu-Ili Landscapes” (IPA-KZ-IS), located in Almaty Region,\nKazakhstan. The site harbours exceptional floristic richness, including up to\n95% of the global population of the paleoendemic Incarvillea semiretschenskia, as well as the narrow endemic Tulipa regelii and several nationally rare species (Astragalus pseudocytisoides, Phlomoides septentrionalis, Scutellaria titovii, Iris\nkuschakewiczii).\n
\nThe dataset supports conservation\nplanning, KBA/IPA designation, Red List assessments, and biodiversity\nmonitoring. It integrates field surveys (2023–2025), herbarium records,\niNaturalist/GBIF observations, and published floristic sources.\n
\n\nNote on checklist reliability\n
\nThe current species list for the Chu-Ili\nLandscapes (2023–2025) has undergone critical taxonomic revision regarding synonymy,\nnomenclature, and distribution. Uncertain records were excluded. The resulting\nchecklist, published in GBIF, should be considered provisional. The authors emphasize that it will be updated and\nrefined as new herbarium specimens and verified photographic observations\nbecome available.\n
\nContent: 223 vascular plant\nspecies confirmed (2023–2025), including 15 endemic, nationally rare, and\nsocially valuable taxa.
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N.V. (ed.) (1956–1966). Flora of Kazakhstan. Vols. 1–9. Alma-Ata: Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR.","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Goloshkokov, V.P. (ed.) (1969–1972). Illustrated Guide to the Plants of Kazakhstan. Vols. 1–2. Alma-Ata: Nauka.","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Red Data Book of Kazakhstan. (2014). Vol. 2, Part 1: Plants. Almaty: Art Print XXI. 605 pp.","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Roldugin, I.I. & Fisyun, V.V. (2018). Flora of the Chu-Ili Mountains (summary and analysis). Almaty: Əreket-Print. 210 pp.","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Khramtsov, V.N. (1983). Vegetation of the Chu-Ili Mountains (geography and cartography). PhD dissertation in Botany (03.00.05). Leningrad. 316 pp.","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Kubentayev, S.A., Alibekov, D.T., Perezhogin, Y.V., Lazkov, G.A., Kupriyanov, A.N., Ebel, A.L., Izbastina, K.S., Borodulina, O.V., & Kubentayeva, B.B. (2024). Revised checklist of endemic vascular plants of Kazakhstan. PhytoKeys, 238: 241–279. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.238.114475","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"POWO (2025). Phlomoides dshungarica (Popov) Lazkov & Sennikov. Plants of the World Online. Published in: Memoranda Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 89: 133 (2013). Lamiaceae. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77136142-1 (accessed 26 September 2025).","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Dimeyeva, L., Permitina, V., Kurmantayeva, A., Imanalinova, A., Osmonali, B., Kozybayeva, F., Beiseyeva, G., Ussen, K., Iskakov, R., Oyuntsetseg, B., & Friesen, N. (2024). Habitats, plant diversity, and molecular phylogeny of endemic relic species Incarvillea semiretschenskia (Bignoniaceae). Plants, 13(23), 3299. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13233299","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"iNaturalist (2025). Observations dataset. Available at: https://www.inaturalist.org/attachments/flow_task_outputs/10283591/observations-623966.csv.zip?1759498967 (accessed 3 October 2025).","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Dubynin, A.V. & Epiktetov, V.G. (2024). Assessment of the extinction risk of the Kazakh paleoendemic Incarvillea semiretschenskia and measures for its conservation. Problems of Botany of South Siberia and Mongolia, 23(2): 76–85. https://doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2024067","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"IUCN (2024). Incarvillea semiretschenskia. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available at: https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/257422099/265145821 (accessed 3 October 2024).","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"IPA-KZ-IS (2025). Boundary data for “Landscapes of Chu-Ili” (IPA-KZ-IS). Google Drive resource. Available at: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ojYkyBZmgDBUu-VN_vzJeh0B9VQqTB3A/view?usp=sharing (accessed 3 October 2025).","citationProvidedBySource":false}],"curatorialUnits":[],"taxonomicCoverages":[{"coverages":[{"scientificName":"Plantae","rank":{"verbatim":"kingdom","interpreted":"KINGDOM"}}]}],"geographicCoverages":[{"description":"●\tCountry: Kazakhstan\n●\tRegion: Almaty Region\n●\tCode: IPA-KZ-IS\n●\tCoordinates (centre): 43.90° N, 75.45° E\n●\tBounding altitudes: 770–1,095 m\n●\tArea: ~38,000 ha\n●\tOverlap: within Zhusandaly State Reserve Zone, partially overlapping the UNESCO World Heritage Site “Tamgaly”.\n\nThe IPA covers flat-topped ridges and gentle slopes built of gneiss, schist, and limestone. Vegetation includes desertified steppes, ephemeral grasslands, semi-shrub communities, and xeropetrophytic assemblages. It represents a transition between steppe and desert ecosystems with unique relict and endemic flora.","boundingBox":{"minLatitude":-90.0,"maxLatitude":90.0,"minLongitude":-180.0,"maxLongitude":180.0,"globalCoverage":true}}],"temporalCoverages":[],"keywordCollections":[{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml","keywords":["Checklist"]}],"project":{"title":"Checklist of Vascular Plants of the Important Plant Area “Chu-Ili Landscapes” (IPA-KZ-IS)","contacts":[{"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Alexander","lastName":"Dubynin","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]}],"awards":[],"relatedProjects":[]},"samplingDescription":{"studyExtent":"The study covers the Important Plant Area “Chu-Ili Landscapes” (IPA-KZ-IS) in the Almaty Region of Kazakhstan, approximately 38,000 ha between 770–1,095 m elevation. Field investigations and data compilation were carried out during 2023–2025, representing the most up-to-date assessment of the local flora. The geographic extent corresponds to the core habitats of the paleoendemic Incarvillea semiretschenskia and associated xeropetrophytic communities, serving as a surrogate for the wider Chu-Ili mountain system documented in the Study Area Description. Temporal coverage spans three consecutive growing seasons (spring–autumn), with repeated site visits and integration of herbarium, citizen science (iNaturalist, GBIF), and published floristic records.","sampling":"Sampling combined classical floristic surveys, herbarium verification, and integration of digital biodiversity records. Field surveys were conducted in key habitats (xeropetrophytic slopes, ephemeral grasslands, semi-shrub communities) to document the presence and abundance of vascular plants. Voucher specimens were collected selectively and compared with historical herbarium material (Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty). Additional occurrence records were compiled from iNaturalist (verified observations), GBIF, and relevant literature. Taxonomic nomenclature was harmonized following POWO/WCVP/IPNI. Species records with uncertain identity or distribution were excluded to ensure data quality.","methodSteps":["Field surveys (2023–2025): systematic floristic observations across multiple habitats and altitudinal ranges; collection of vouchers for critical taxa.\n\nHerbarium and literature review: cross-checking of collected material with historical specimens and authoritative sources (Flora of Kazakhstan, Illustrated Guide to the Plants of Kazakhstan, Red Data Book, Kubentayev et al. 2024).\n\nData integration: import of verified citizen-science data (iNaturalist) and GBIF records, followed by validation against distribution patterns and synonymy.\n\nTaxonomic validation: reconciliation of all records with POWO/WCVP/IPNI to standardize accepted names, synonyms, and authorship.\n\nChecklist compilation: merging of all confirmed records into Darwin Core Archive format (taxon.txt core file with relevant extensions).\n\nQuality control: exclusion of doubtful species, verification of endemic/rare status, annotation of conservation categories (IUCN, Red Data Book of Kazakhstan).\n\nFinal dataset preparation: generation of the checklist including 223 vascular plant species, with metadata structured for GBIF publication under CC BY 4.0 license."]},"countryCoverage":[],"collections":[],"dataDescriptions":[],"dataLanguage":"eng","acknowledgements":"Contributors: A.V. Dubynin, V.G. Epiktetov, L.A. Dimeyeva, A.A. Kurmantaeva","pubDate":"2025-11-27T00:00:00.000+00:00","maintenanceUpdateFrequency":"UNKNOWN","maintenanceDescription":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","dwca":{"coreType":"http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Taxon","extensions":[],"modified":"2025-11-27T08:49:39.751+00:00"},"category":["CitizenScience"],"approximateCounts":{"occurrenceCount":0,"nameUsageCount":436}}