{"key":"7ba64912-ddd2-41f2-8a18-226f3e1cf65e","installationKey":"06d75b22-fc7a-42ff-a14f-65a25cd0f3ab","publishingOrganizationKey":"707f5e4c-ae29-4013-bc49-409e44f95243","doi":"10.15468/wrae64","external":false,"numConstituents":0,"type":"SAMPLING_EVENT","subtype":"SPECIMEN","shortName":"PO-L_Coa","title":"Lichen specimens from the Côa Valley Archaeological Park (UNESCO World Heritage Site), deposited at MHNC-UP (2006–2026)","description":"\n            The dataset comprises occurrence records of approximately 190 species of lichenised fungi collected in the Côa Valley Archaeological Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in north-eastern Portugal, internationally recognised for hosting one of the world’s most remarkable assemblages of open-air rock art. Specimens were collected between 2006 and 2026 during systematic and opportunistic fieldwork carried out in the context of academic research, including the first author’s PhD thesis and subsequent research projects, notably the ROCKinBIO project, funded by Portuguese national funds through the FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (grant 2022.04830.PTDC).The collection documents lichen diversity primarily associated with rock surfaces and soil, with a strong predominance of schistose substrates and a lesser representation of granitic substrates. This distribution reflects the ecological relevance of these substrates and their importance for applied lichenological studies in the Côa Valley. Sampling was conducted across 120 sampling sites within the study area.All records are supported by preserved voucher specimens deposited in the PO Herbarium of the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP).\n        ","language":"eng","citation":{"text":"Marques J (2026). Lichen specimens from the Côa Valley Archaeological Park (UNESCO World Heritage Site), deposited at MHNC-UP (2006–2026). Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP). Sampling event dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/wrae64 accessed via GBIF.org on 2026-10-11.","citationProvidedBySource":false},"contactsCitation":[{"key":6904456,"abbreviatedName":"Marques J","firstName":"Joana","lastName":"Marques","roles":["ORIGINATOR","METADATA_AUTHOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3702-9782"]}],"lockedForAutoUpdate":false,"createdBy":"707f5e4c-ae29-4013-bc49-409e44f95243","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-02-06T17:10:06.131+00:00","modified":"2026-02-06T17:11:18.938+00:00","contacts":[{"key":6904456,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":true,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3702-9782"],"firstName":"Joana","lastName":"Marques","position":[],"email":["joanamarques@cibio.up.pt"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"BIOPOLIS/CIBIO-InBIO","address":[],"createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-02-06T17:11:18.871+00:00","modified":"2026-02-06T17:11:18.871+00:00"},{"key":6904457,"type":"METADATA_AUTHOR","primary":true,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3702-9782"],"firstName":"Joana","lastName":"Marques","position":[],"email":["joanamarques@cibio.up.pt"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"BIOPOLIS/CIBIO-InBIO","address":[],"country":"PT","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-02-06T17:11:18.874+00:00","modified":"2026-02-06T17:11:18.874+00:00"},{"key":6904458,"type":"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Joana","lastName":"Marques","position":[],"email":["joanamarques@cibio.up.pt"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"BIOPOLIS/CIBIO-InBIO","address":[],"country":"PT","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-02-06T17:11:18.876+00:00","modified":"2026-02-06T17:11:18.876+00:00"},{"key":6904459,"type":"CURATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4252-8498"],"firstName":"Cristiana","lastName":"Vieira","position":[],"email":["cvieira@mhnc.up.pt"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"MHNC-UP","address":[],"country":"PT","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-02-06T17:11:18.877+00:00","modified":"2026-02-06T17:11:18.877+00:00"},{"key":6904460,"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":true,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3702-9782"],"firstName":"Joana","lastName":"Marques","position":["Researcher"],"email":["joanamarques@cibio.up.pt"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"BIOPOLIS/CIBIO-InBIO","address":[],"country":"PT","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-02-06T17:11:18.878+00:00","modified":"2026-02-06T17:11:18.878+00:00"},{"key":6904461,"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4252-8498"],"firstName":"Cristiana","lastName":"Vieira","position":["Curator"],"email":["cvieira@mhnc.up.pt"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"MHNC-UP","address":[],"country":"PT","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-02-06T17:11:18.880+00:00","modified":"2026-02-06T17:11:18.880+00:00"}],"endpoints":[{"key":1241198,"type":"DWC_ARCHIVE","url":"https://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/archive.do?r=po-l-coa","createdBy":"707f5e4c-ae29-4013-bc49-409e44f95243","modifiedBy":"707f5e4c-ae29-4013-bc49-409e44f95243","created":"2026-02-06T17:10:07.764+00:00","modified":"2026-02-06T17:10:07.764+00:00","machineTags":[]},{"key":1241197,"type":"EML","url":"https://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/eml.do?r=po-l-coa","createdBy":"707f5e4c-ae29-4013-bc49-409e44f95243","modifiedBy":"707f5e4c-ae29-4013-bc49-409e44f95243","created":"2026-02-06T17:10:07.729+00:00","modified":"2026-02-06T17:10:07.729+00:00","machineTags":[]}],"machineTags":[{"key":33014508,"namespace":"crawler.gbif.org","name":"crawl_attempt","value":"30","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-10-05T01:08:29.827+00:00"}],"tags":[],"identifiers":[{"key":463243,"type":"URL","identifier":"https://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=po-l-coa","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-02-06T17:11:18.882+00:00","primary":false}],"comments":[],"bibliographicCitations":[{"text":"Marques, J., Schultz, M. & Paz-Bermúdez, G. (2013) A Peltula Nyl. diversity hotspot in north-east Portugal, with one species new to science and three species new to mainland Europe (2013). The Lichenologist, 45(4): 483-496.","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Marques, J., & Paz-Bermúdez, G. (2014) New and interesting lichen records for the Portuguese funga from the Upper Douro region (north-east Portugal). Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde, 23: 37–53.","citationProvidedBySource":false}],"curatorialUnits":[],"taxonomicCoverages":[{"description":"The taxonomic coverage of this dataset spans 1 phylum, 4 classes, 15 orders, 30 families, 85 genera, and 193 species and infraspecific taxa.","coverages":[{"scientificName":"Ascomycota","rank":{"verbatim":"phylum","interpreted":"PHYLUM"}}]},{"description":"The taxonomic coverage of this dataset spans 1 phylum, 4 classes, 15 orders, 30 families, 85 genera, and 193 species and infraspecific taxa.","coverages":[{"scientificName":"Candelariomycetes","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Eurotiomycetes","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Lecanoromycetes","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Lichinomycetes","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}}]},{"description":"The taxonomic coverage of this dataset spans 1 phylum, 4 classes, 15 orders, 30 families, 85 genera, and 193 species and infraspecific taxa.","coverages":[{"scientificName":"Acarosporales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Baeomycetales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Caliciales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Candelariales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Graphidales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Lecanorales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Lecideales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Leprocaulales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Lichinales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Peltigerales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Pertusariales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Rhizocarpales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Teloschistales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Umbilicariales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Verrucariales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}}]}],"geographicCoverages":[{"description":"Data and specimens were collected along the valley of the River Côa in north-eastern Portugal, from its confluence with the Douro River upstream for approximately 20 km southwards, reaching the Faia Brava Nature Reserve. Sampling sites were located within the municipalities of Vila Nova de Foz Côa, Pinhel, and Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo.\nAdditional sampling was conducted in two small stream valleys, Vale de José Esteves and Vale Cabrões, located north of the mouth of the River Côa but still within the boundaries of the Côa Valley Archaeological Park and the municipality of Vila Nova de Foz Côa.","boundingBox":{"minLatitude":40.8,"maxLatitude":41.2,"minLongitude":-7.26,"maxLongitude":-7.0,"globalCoverage":false}}],"temporalCoverages":[{"@type":"range","start":"2006-02-08T00:00:00.000+00:00","end":"2026-01-31T00:00:00.000+00:00"}],"keywordCollections":[{"thesaurus":"n/a","keywords":["lichenised fungi","conservation","applied lichenology","biodiversity","UNESCO","rock art","lichens","Côa Valley","biodeterioration","cultural heritage"]},{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml","keywords":["Specimen"]},{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml","keywords":["Samplingevent"]}],"project":{"title":"ROCKinBIO - A biodeterioration model to predict biological impact on exposed rock surfaces and open-air rock-art","identifier":"2022.04830.PTDC","contacts":[{"type":"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3702-9782"],"firstName":"Joana","lastName":"Marques","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]}],"funding":"FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (grant 2022.04830.PTDC)","awards":[],"relatedProjects":[{"title":"A Framework for assessing the vulnerability of schist surfaces to lichen-induced weathering in the Upper Douro region (NE Portugal)","identifier":"https://hdl.handle.net/10216/71524","contacts":[{"type":"AUTHOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3702-9782"],"firstName":"Joana","lastName":"Marques","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Graciela","lastName":"Paz-Bermúdez","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]}]}],"abstract":"The Côa rock-art, inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List, is preserved on hundreds of rock surfaces spreading along the steep slopes of the Côa river valley and a portion of the Douro, next to Côa’s mouth. These surfaces, and associated art, are continuously exposed to and shaped by the synergistic impacts of several biotic and abiotic agents, that are still largely understudied.\nPhysical weathering and erosion of exposed rock surfaces occurs when these are gradually broken down into particles by mechanical or atmospheric processes such as wind abrasion, rain, hail, freezing/thawing, gravity, and water flow. Chemical weathering is produced when surrounding air and water react with rock minerals causing oxidation and dissolution. Biological weathering happens when rock pioneer organisms, including bacteria, algae, fungi, lichens, mosses and higher plants, establish on rock surfaces and start interacting with them. The nature of this interaction is either physical or chemical, and regulated by environmental parameters, including moisture and temperature regimes, or the composition and structural characteristics of the substrate. Chemical, physical and biological weathering processes are therefore closely interrelated because each one increases the susceptibility of the rock substrate to the action of the other.\nSince most rock-art is superficial and deterioration of the rock surface can easily erase the motifs, biological colonisation on prehistoric rock-art is usually thought to pose a major conservation threat. However, given the complexity of the interactions between weathering processes and the fact that we are still largely ignorant about the ecological aspects of rock colonisation, biological contribution to rock surface weathering is difficult to isolate and quantify. The possibility of a bioprotective action of biological colonisation against other weathering agents should also be considered, adding complexity to the ongoing debate on the million-dollar question in the field of conservation science – to clean or not to clean?\nWe propose that an ecological and structural similarity between rock surface features and landscape features exists, and that each individual rock surface, that may have rock-art associated with it, can be viewed as a miniature landscape where the same key processes that shape land surface are operating at a small-scale. The same ecological tools used to analyse the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of vegetation and ecosystem functioning at the landscape level, can be applied to model and predict the distribution patterns and impact of biological colonisation on exposed rock surfaces and associated rock-art, provided that meaningful fine resolution environmental data is available. Proxies of the geochemical and geophysical changes produced by rock-colonising organisms have been successfully used for quantifying biological impact on rock surfaces, but were never used for predictive purposes. Lessons learnt from the Côa Valley indicate that multi-scale climate variables accurately predict lichen-induced rock surface deterioration. Extending these lessons to the entire rock-colonising community, and considering also the multi-scale nature of geological variables, are necessary steps towards an integrative biodeterioration model. Under the influence of climate change, rock-colonising communities may become more deteriorative to open-air rock-art, or gain bioprotective roles. The integration of realistic climate change scenarios will allow forecasting future impact on rock surface and open-air rock-art biodeterioration. \nFocusing on the exposed rock surfaces of the Côa Valley, this project will apply state-of-the-art ecological modelling tools to: i) characterise rock-colonising communities, their abundance, indicator traits and distribution patterns, linking biodiversity to function; ii) characterise the multi-scalar environmental drivers of rock colonisation dynamics; and iii) quantify the geochemical and geophysical impact of rock-colonising communities on exposed rock surfaces.  The final goal is to develop a predictive biodeterioration model that allows to diagnose current interactions between biological colonisation and colonised rock surfaces, and anticipate future impact of these processes on open-air rock-art conservation."},"samplingDescription":{"studyExtent":"Data were collected from 120 sampling sites located along the Côa River valley (northeastern Portugal), across the municipalities of Vila Nova de Foz Côa, Pinhel and Figueira de Castelo Rodrigo.","sampling":"Sampling was based on ad hoc collections carried out on schist (predominantly) and granitic outcrops. Sampling included non-destructive collection on schist outcrops bearing rock art within the Côa Valley Archaeological Park.","qualityControl":"item-0","methodSteps":["Specimens were collected during field surveys, with non-destructive sampling applied at rock-art sites within the Côa Valley Archaeological Park.","Material was air-dried and identified primarily using classical morphological, anatomical and chemical (TLC) criteria.","Selected specimens were additionally analysed using ITS sequencing.","Scientific nomenclature follows Index Fungorum.","All material was preserved as voucher specimens in the Herbarium of the University of Porto (PO)."]},"countryCoverage":[],"collections":[],"dataDescriptions":[],"dataLanguage":"eng","purpose":"The purpose of this dataset is to document and make openly available a comprehensive, specimen-based catalogue of lichen diversity occurring on rock outcrops in the Côa Valley Archaeological Park (UNESCO, Northeast Portugal), with a particular focus on lichens colonizing open-air rock art. The data were generated in the context of research aimed at characterizing biological colonization of culturally significant rock surfaces and assessing its implications for conservation and long-term preservation.The dataset consolidates more than two decades of systematic field collections and taxonomic research, providing a robust baseline for understanding the composition, distribution, and ecological traits of rock-dwelling lichen communities in an inland Mediterranean landscape. By linking taxonomic diversity to substrate type, growth form, and photobiont associations, the dataset supports interdisciplinary studies at the interface of lichenology, archaeology, and stone conservation.All records are supported by voucher specimens deposited in a public herbarium, ensuring taxonomic reliability and long-term traceability. In addition to its relevance for Heritage Science, the dataset significantly improves knowledge of the still incompletely documented Portuguese lichen flora and contributes numerous records of national, Iberian, and European significance, including taxa new to science.The dataset is intended to support future research on biodeterioration processes, risk assessment for rock art conservation, comparative studies of lichen colonization on natural versus engraved rock surfaces, and broader biodiversity, biogeographical, and conservation analyses.","introduction":"Lichens are key components of rocky ecosystems, where they play an important role in primary colonization, nutrient cycling, and microhabitat formation. Despite their ecological relevance and sensitivity to environmental change, lichen communities in Mediterranean and sub-Mediterranean inland regions of the Iberian Peninsula remain incompletely documented, particularly in rocky habitats.The Côa Valley, internationally known for its prehistoric open-air rock art, also hosts extensive schistose rock outcrops that provide a wide range of microhabitats for saxicolous lichens. Since 2006, systematic lichenological surveys have been conducted in this region in the context of academic research and applied biodiversity studies. These efforts were initially developed during preparatory work for a PhD project, followed by doctoral and post-doctoral research, and are currently continued within the ROCKinBIO project (2022–2026).The data assembled here have already supported taxonomic research, biogeographic assessments, and conservation-relevant studies, including the description of taxa new to science and numerous first records at national, Iberian, and European scales. By making these data openly available, the dataset provides a valuable resource for future studies on lichen biodiversity, biogeography, ecology, environmental monitoring, and climate or land-use change impacts in Mediterranean rocky landscapes.","gettingStarted":"The dataset comprises a comprehensive inventory of lichen taxa recorded on rock outcrops within the study area, based on systematic field collections carried out between 2006 and 2026. In total, 193 lichen taxa were identified from 1,133 collected specimens. All specimens are preserved and curated in the Herbarium of the University of Porto (PO), ensuring long-term accessibility and taxonomic verification. Occurrence records in the dataset are dominated by representatives of the class Lecanoromycetes, which account for 854 records (approximately 75% of classified records). Lichinomycetes are represented by 209 records (c. 19%), followed by Eurotiomycetes with 52 records (c. 5%) and Candelariomycetes with 18 records (c. 2%). Regarding substrate preference, the vast majority of records correspond to saxicolous species (727 records; c. 72.4%), consistent with the focus on rock outcrops. Terricolous lichens account for 268 records (c. 26.7%), while muscicolous taxa are comparatively rare (8 records; c. 0.8%). Only a single lichenicolous record (<0.1%) is included in the dataset.In terms of growth form, crustose lichens are the most frequent, with 532 records (c. 50.6%), followed by squamulose forms (322 records; c. 30.7%). Foliose lichens account for 137 records (c. 13.0%), with an additional 7 records (c. 0.7%) corresponding to umbilicate foliose forms. Fruticose and dimorphic growth forms are both represented by 16 records each (c. 1.5% each). Leprarioid lichens account for 19 records (c. 1.8%).Photobiont composition shows a clear dominance of green algae other than Trentepohlia, which occur in 793 records (c. 75.7%). Cyanobacterial photobionts are present in 254 records (c. 24.3%). This distribution is consistent with the prevalence of crustose and squamulose lichens adapted to exposed, xeric rock surfaces.The collection gave rise to numerous novelties of Iberian and European relevance (e.g. Marques et al. 2013, Marques & Bermúdez 2014): Peltula lobata was described as new to science; Peltula bolanderi, P. farinosa, P. zahlbruckneri and Trapeliopsis gymnidiata were reported for the first time from mainland Europe. Acarospora boulderensis and Endocarpon simplicatum were new for the Iberian Peninsula. Acarospora charidema, Calogaya obliterata, Caloplaca rubelliana, Circinaria crespiana, Endocarpon adscendens, Lepra leucosora, Mischoblastia vezdae, Peltula obscurans, P. patellata, Pertusaria flavicans, Psorotichia schaereri, Pterygiopsis affinis, Scytinium plicatile, Thallinocarpon nigritellum, Variospora cancarixiticola, Verrucaria geophila and Xanthocarpia crenulatella were new for Portugal. Acarospora macroscora, Peltula placodizans and Toninia toepferii were new for mainland Portugal.The most collected taxa (> 20 records) were Caloplaca irrubescens (62), Peltula euploca (60), Peltula bolanderi (38), Squamarina concrescens (36), Peltula patellata (32), Endocarpon pusillum (28), Toninia cinereovirens (27), Acarospora umbilicate (26) Peltula lobata (22), Glyphopeltis ligustica (22), Rufoplaca arenaria (22) and Lecanora pseudistera (20).","acknowledgements":"The production of this dataset was supported by Portuguese national funds through the FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (grant 2022.04830.PTDC). Joana Marques is supported by Portuguese national funds through the FCT – Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (CEECINSTLA/00020/2022/CP3025/CT0001).","pubDate":"2026-02-04T00:00:00.000+00:00","maintenanceUpdateFrequency":"UNKNOWN","maintenanceDescription":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode","dwca":{"coreType":"http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Event","extensions":["http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Occurrence"],"modified":"2026-07-11T21:59:11.408+00:00"},"approximateCounts":{"occurrenceCount":1133}}