{"key":"879587d2-0579-46c8-8f8e-2fd4757cd013","installationKey":"06d75b22-fc7a-42ff-a14f-65a25cd0f3ab","publishingOrganizationKey":"0a80feca-b411-428a-a34e-c5c2fa07cdba","doi":"10.15468/a7hvsm","version":"1.4","external":false,"numConstituents":0,"type":"SAMPLING_EVENT","subtype":"SPECIMEN","shortName":"MOVECLIM-AZO-BRY-SMA_2019","title":"The MOVECLIM – AZORES project: Bryophytes from Santa Maria Island (2019)","description":"\n            This inventory of bryophyte diversity on Santa Maria Island (Azores, Portugal) was carried out in 2019 within the framework of the MOVECLIM project. Bryophytes were sampled along an elevational gradient using the GIMS protocol (Borges et al. 2018), a standardized approach adapted from the BRYOLOAT methodology (Ah-Peng et al. 2012), incorporating taxonomic information on phorophytes and associated environmental variables (Gabriel et al. 2014). In addition, non-systematic, opportunistic sampling was conducted based on field observations, targeting bryophytes across a range of microhabitats and along an altitudinal gradient from 31 m (Santo Espírito, Baía da Maia) to 464 m (Santa Bárbara, Pico Alto). Within each GIMS sampling unit, five substrate types were surveyed: rupicolous, terrestrial, lignicolous, epiphytic, and epiphyllous. The study generated a total of 264 event records (eventID) of which 203 were from the MOVECLIM survey and 61 from opportunistic sampling. These correspond to 810 occurrence records (occurrenceID): 692 from the standardized survey and 118 from opportunistic records.\n        ","language":"eng","citation":{"text":"Morgado L N, Poponessi S, Polaino-Martin C, Silveira G, Sousa M, Borges P A V, Gabriel R (2026). The MOVECLIM – AZORES project: Bryophytes from Santa Maria Island (2019). Version 1.4. Universidade dos Açores. Sampling event dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/a7hvsm accessed via GBIF.org on 2026-10-14.","citationProvidedBySource":false},"contactsCitation":[{"key":6993300,"abbreviatedName":"Morgado L N","firstName":"Leila N.","lastName":"Morgado","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-1666"]},{"key":6993301,"abbreviatedName":"Poponessi S","firstName":"Silvia","lastName":"Poponessi","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-9730"]},{"key":6993302,"abbreviatedName":"Polaino-Martin C","firstName":"Clara","lastName":"Polaino-Martin","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":[]},{"key":6993303,"abbreviatedName":"Silveira G","firstName":"Gabriela","lastName":"Silveira","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8684-7204"]},{"key":6993304,"abbreviatedName":"Sousa M","firstName":"Mariana","lastName":"Sousa","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9829-3014"]},{"key":6993305,"abbreviatedName":"Borges P A V","firstName":"Paulo  A. 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Biodiversity and conservation 27: 2567‑2586.","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1553-7","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Casas C, Brugués M, Cros R M, Sérgio C, Infante M 2009 Handbook of liverworts and hornworts of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands: illustrated keys to genera and species. Institut d'estudis Catalans.","identifier":"ISBN 9788492583553","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Costa A C G, Hildenbrand A, Marques F O, Sibrant A L R, Santos de Campos A 2015 Catastrophic flank collapses and slumping in Pico Island during the last 130 kyr (Pico-Faial ridge, Azores Triple Junction). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 302: 33–46.","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2015.06.008","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Elias, R B, Rodrigues, A F F, Gabriel, R 2022. Guia prático da flora nativa dos Açores/Field Guide of Azorean Native Flora. Gabriel R and Borges P A V (Eds). 1st Edition, Vol. 1. IAC - Instituto Açoriano de Cultura, Angra do Heroísmo, 519 pp.","identifier":"ISBN 9789898225740","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Forjaz V H 2004 Atlas básico dos Açores. OVGA, Ponta Delgada, 108 pp.","identifier":"ISBN 9729746648","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Gabriel R, Sjögren E, Schumacker R, Sérgio C, Aranda S C, Claro D, ... & Martins B 2010 List of bryophytes (Anthocerotophyta, Marchantiophyta, Bryophyta). A list of the terrestrial and marine fungi, flora and fauna from the Azores, pp. 99-115. Princípia.","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Gabriel R, Coelho M C M, Henriques D S G, Borges P A V, Elias R B, Kluge J, Ah-Peng C. 2014 Long-term monitoring across elevational gradients to assess ecological hypothesis: a description of standardized sampling methods in oceanic islands and first results. Arquipelago - Life and Marine Sciences, 31: 45‑67.","identifier":"https://repositorio.uac.pt/bitstream/10400.3/3296/1/LMSpp45-67_Gabriel_etal_N31.pdf","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Lüth M 2019 Mosses of Europe - A Photographic Flora. Freiburg, Germany.","identifier":"ISBN 978-3-00-062952-5","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Paton J A 1999 The liverwort flora of the British Isles. Harley Books.","identifier":"ISBN 0946589607","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Ramalho R S, Helffrich G, Madeira J, Cosca M, Thomas C, Quartau R, Hipólito A, Rovere A, Hearty P J, Ávila S P 2017 Emergence and evolution of Santa Maria Island (Azores) - The conundrum of uplifted islands revisited. GSA Bulletin 129(3-4): 372–391.","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.1130/B31538.1","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Schumacker R, Vána J 2005 Identification keys to the liverworts and hornworts of Europe and Macaronesia (2nd ed.). 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The sampling sites are located in the municipality of Vila do Porto.","boundingBox":{"minLatitude":36.928611,"maxLatitude":37.004067,"minLongitude":-25.1433,"maxLongitude":-25.016944,"globalCoverage":false}}],"temporalCoverages":[{"@type":"range","start":"2019-09-16T00:00:00.000+00:00","end":"2019-09-20T00:00:00.000+00:00"}],"keywordCollections":[{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml","keywords":["GIMS protocol","mosses","elevational gradient","liverworts","Santa Maria Island","opportunistic approach sampling","MOVECLIM-AZO","natural park","Macaronesia","diversity","substrates.","bryoflora","Azores"]},{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml","keywords":["GIMS protocol","mosses","elevational gradient","liverworts","Santa Maria Island","opportunistic approach sampling","MOVECLIM-AZO","natural park","Macaronesia","diversity","substrates.","bryoflora","Azores"]}],"project":{"title":"The MOVECLIM – AZORES project: Bryophytes from Santa Maria Island (2019)","identifier":"MOVECLIM – AZORES","contacts":[{"type":"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3550-8010"],"firstName":"Rosalina","lastName":"Gabriel","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-1666"],"firstName":"Leila N.","lastName":"Morgado","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-9730"],"firstName":"Silvia","lastName":"Poponessi","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1110-7026"],"firstName":"Clara","lastName":"Polaino-Martin","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8684-7204"],"firstName":"Gabriela","lastName":"Silveira","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9829-3014"],"firstName":"Mariana","lastName":"Sousa","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-7623"],"firstName":"Paulo A. V.","lastName":"Borges","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]}],"funding":"This study was funded by Biodiversa+, the European Biodiversity Partnership, in the context of the BioMonI – Biodiversity monitoring of island ecosystems project under the 2022-2023 BiodivMon joint call. It was co-funded by the European Commission (GA No. 101052342) and the following funding organisations: Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-23-EBIP-0009-05 for the University of La Réunion (France), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) —project ID 533271599 for University of Göttingen (Germany), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) cofunded by the European Union —project ID PCI2023-145966-2 for IPNA-CSIC and University of La Laguna (Spain), project I 6809 for the University of Vienna (Austria), FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, BiodivMon/0003/2022 for University of Azores (Portugal), and the Swiss National Science Foundation, Grant number 216847 for the Université de Neuchâtel (Switzerland).\nFunding to put data open access in AZORES BIOPORTAL was obtained from the project “Upgrading the Azorean Biodiversity Portal Infrastructure (AZORES BIOPORTAL- PORBIOTA) to Boost Biodiversity Research, Management, and Education -PORBIOTA” (DRCID, ACORES2030-FEDER-03420600).","awards":[],"studyAreaDescription":"The Azores Archipelago consists of nine volcanic oceanic islands located in the North Atlantic Ocean, between 36°55′ and 39°43′ N latitude and 25°00′ and 31°17′ W longitude. The archipelago lies approximately 1600 km west of mainland Europe and about 2000 km east of North America (Forjaz 2004). Geographically, the Azores are divided into three island groups: the Western Group (Flores and Corvo), the Central Group (Pico, Faial, São Jorge, Terceira, and Graciosa), and the Eastern Group (São Miguel and Santa Maria). \nThe total land area of the archipelago is about 2323 km², with substantial variation in island size and topography. Corvo, the smallest island, covers 17 km², while São Miguel, the largest, extends over 745 km². The islands exhibit marked altitudinal gradients, with Pico reaching the highest elevation at 2350 m a.s.l., the highest point in Portugal. The highest point on Santa Maria Island is Pico Alto, rising 590 m a.s.l. (Forjaz 2004). Santa Maria is considered the oldest island in the archipelago, with an estimated age of 6.01 million years (Ramalho et al. 2017), whereas Pico is the youngest, dated to approximately 0.186 million years (Costa et al. 2015).","designDescription":"The field study on Santa Maria Island followed two collection protocols: 1) the GIMS protocol for bryophytes (Borges et al. 2018), which is based on the BRYOLAT methodology (Ah-Peng et al., 2012), with adaptations that reflect the specific environmental conditions and floristic knowledge of the Azores (Gabriel et al. 2014). Three sampling sites were selected along an altitudinal gradient of 200 m, ranging from 16  to 400 (m a.s.l.). At each site, two 10 m x 10 m plots were established within a homogeneous vegetation type, spaced between 10 and 15 m apart. Within each plot, three 2 m x 2 m squares were randomly surveyed. In each square, three 5 cm x 10 cm microplots were collected from five types of substrate: rupicolous, terricolous, humicolous, lignicolous, epiphytic (in three tree strata) and epiphyllous; 2) Sampling followed a non-systematic, ad hoc approach, guided by field observations and the researchers' experience, targeting bryophytes in various microhabitats (e.g., tree trunks, wood, rock, soil) at an elevation gradient ranging from 31 m (Santo Espírito, Baía da Maia) to 464 m (Santa Bárbara, Pico Alto). In both protocols, specimens were collected manually in paper bags using a knife or tweezers and labelled in situ with location data (e.g., geographical coordinates, altitude, municipality) and environmental information (e.g., substrate, height above ground). In the laboratory, the samples collected in the field were identified at the species or subspecies level, whenever possible. For each bryophyte taxon in each microplot, the coverage-abundance and sociability were recorded.","relatedProjects":[],"abstract":"The MOVECLIM (Mountain Vegetation as Listening Posts for Climate Change) project was established to investigate how climatic and environmental gradients influence the diversity and composition of bryophyte communities in tropical and oceanic mountain systems. In the Azores, the project implemented a systematic, standardised, and stratified sampling framework along altitudinal gradients across several islands. Using the GIMS (Integrative Monitoring of the Bryophyte Species Gradient) protocol, it aimed to quantify patterns of species richness, abundance, and community turnover from low to high-altitude zones, thereby enabling consistent comparisons between regions and taxonomic groups. On Santa Maria Island, in addition to systematic sampling, non-systematic (ad-hoc) sampling was conducted to broaden and intensify bryophyte collections, highlighting the influence of altitude, habitat characteristics, and microclimatic variation on community structure."},"samplingDescription":{"studyExtent":"This study comprises two bryophyte sampling protocols (systematic and non-systematic), implemented along an altitudinal gradient.  All sampling locations are situated within the municipality of Vila do Porto, Santa Maria Island, Azores.","sampling":"The inventory was carried out between 16 and 20 September 2019, by Rosalina Gabriel and Clara Polaino-Martin. Bryophytes were surveyed along an elevational gradient using two complementary approaches: (i) the GIMS protocol (Borges et al. 2018), a standardised method adapted from the BRYOLOAT methodology (Ah-Peng et al. 2012), which integrates taxonomic information on phorophytes and associated environmental variables (Gabriel et al. 2014);  and (ii) a non-systematic, ad-hoc protocol, based on field observations, targeting bryophytes across a range of microhabitats (e.g., tree trunks, wood, rock, and soil) along an altitude gradient from 31 m to 464 m.\nUnder the systematic protocol, two 10 m x 10 m plots were established at each site, separated by 10-30 m. Each plot was subdivided into 25 quadrats (2 m x 2 m), from which three were randomly selected for detailed inspection. Within each selected quadrat, three microplots (10 cm x 5 cm; 50 cm²) were sampled from bryophyte-colonised substrates, including rock (RU - Rupicolous), soil (TE - Terricolous), organic matter (LI - Lignicolous), tree bark (EP - Epiphytic), and leaves/fronds (LF - Epiphyllous). Bark samples were collected in a stratified manner at three height intervals: low (1–50 cm), medium (51–100 cm), and high (101–200 cm).\nIn both protocols, specimens were collected manually using a knife or tweezers and stored in paper bags. Each sample was labelled with location data (e.g., geographical coordinates, altitude, municipality) and relevant environmental information (e.g., substrate, height above ground).","qualityControl":"Field Procedures: Specimen collection was made by bryologists, with careful attention to minimise disturbance and avoid excessive removal of material from natural habitats.\nStorage: After collection, microplots were placed in paper bags, kept open and separated in a darkened room until fully dehydrated. Once identified, specimens were transferred to labelled herbarium envelopes and deposited in the Herbarium of the University of the Azores (AZU), Section Bryophytes, under the collection name “MOVECLIM – AZORES project: Bryophytes from Santa Maria Island (2019)”.\nTaxonomy:  The most up-to-date floras and identification keys were used in the identification. The primary taxonomic work was conducted by Silvia Poponessi, with additional contributions from Rosalina Gabriel. In 2025, a subset of specimens underwent taxonomic revision by Leila N. Morgado, Mariana Aguiar Sousa, and Gabriela M. Silveira, under the supervision of Rosalina Gabriel. Challenging samples were sent to specialists for confirmation or identification.\nMosses were identified using the floras of Smith (2004) and Casas et al. (2006); liverworts were identified using the floras of Paton (1999) and Casas et al. (2009) and the taxonomic key of Schumacker and Váňa (2005). Visual guides such as Atherton et al. (2010), Elias et al. (2022), and Lüth (2019), as well as online resources from the British Bryological Society and the 'Bildatlas der Moose Deutschlands' were also consulted. Nomenclature follows Gabriel et al. (2010), with updates available from the Azorean Biodiversity Portal (2025).","methodSteps":["Fieldwork and Laboratory Procedures:\n1) A research framework was designed to enhance the understanding of the bryophyte flora inhabiting native ecosystems on Santa Maria Island (Azores, Portugal). The study aimed to document the diversity, distribution, and substrate preferences of bryophytes within these habitats.\n2) Study sites were selected along an altitudinal gradient, giving priority to areas with greater native vegetation cover and less human disturbance.\n3) All accessible substrate types were surveyed, including rupicolous, terricolous, lignicolous, epiphytic, and epiphyllous. No humicolous substrates were recorded in this study.\n4) Collected samples were air-dried in a shaded, well-ventilated environment to maintain morphological features and prevent degradation prior to identification.\n5) In the laboratory, all bryophyte specimens were examined under a stereomicroscope and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level (species or subspecies), using standard floras and identification keys.\n6) Verified voucher specimens were mounted, labelled, and subsequently deposited in the Bryophyte Section of the Herbarium of the University of the Azores (AZU-B) for long-term preservation and reference.\n\nData Preparation and Standardization:\n1) A sampling-event data table was compiled, comprising 264 records, containing detailed metadata on location, elevation, substrate type, and vegetation characteristics.\n2) An occurrence extension table was then created, containing 810 records, each representing an individual bryophyte taxon identified across the sampled microplots. Taxonomic names were standardized according to the latest World Flora Online and GBIF taxonomic references to ensure data interoperability and comparability."]},"countryCoverage":[],"collections":[{"name":"MOVECLIM-AZO-SMA_2019_Bryophytes from Santa Maria Island","identifier":"76349556-a70a-4ecc-88a7-cd085b6c875d","parentIdentifier":"AZU_Section Bryophytes","specimenPreservationMethod":"DRIED","curatorialUnits":[]}],"dataDescriptions":[],"dataLanguage":"eng","purpose":"Santa Maria Island is one of the least studied islands of the Azores archipelago regarding cryptogamic flora. A survey of bryophytes was conducted in 2019, taking advantage of the MOVECLIM-AZO project expedition to the island and from additional non-systematic collections. The standardised collection follows the GIMS protocol for bryophytes across three altitudinal levels (16, 200, and 400 m a.s.l), while other specimens were collected opportunistically to improve the known dataset of bryophyte occurrences in Santa Maria. For the GIMS protocol, two 10 m × 10 m sampling plots were established, spaced 10–30 m apart. Within each plot, three\n2 m × 2 m quadrats were randomly selected and exhaustively sampled, collecting bryophytes on 10 cm × 5 cm microplots. In each quadrat, three microplots were collected from five substrates: rock, soil, organic matter, living bark at three heights from the soil, and leaves and fronds. Although sought after, no bryophytes were collected from humus. Opportunistic sampling was carried out guided by taxonomic expertise, while visiting different locations between 31 and 464 m a.s.l., and exploring diverse substrates. The survey resulted in the collection of 85 species and 810 specimens (occurrence records), obtained from 264 events. This research presents a data set that expands current knowledge about bryophytes' diversity on Santa Maria Island and supports future studies on biodiversity and conservation.","acknowledgements":"<p>The authors extend their sincere appreciation to everyone whose efforts made this work possible. This inventory was funded by Biodiversa+, the European Biodiversity Partnership, in the context of the BioMonI – Biodiversity monitoring of island ecosystems project under the 2022-2023 BiodivMon joint call. It was co-funded by the European Commission (GA No. 101052342) and the following funding organisations: Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-23-EBIP-0009-05 for the University of La Réunion (France), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) — project ID 533271599 for University of Göttingen (Germany), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) cofunded by the European Union —project ID PCI2023-145966-2 for IPNA-CSIC and University of La Laguna (Spain), project I 6809 for the University of Vienna (Austria), FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, BiodivMon/0003/2022 for University of Azores (Portugal), and the Swiss National Science Foundation, Grant number 216847 for the Université de Neuchâtel (Switzerland). This inventory is also a contribution to AZORESBIOPORTAL–PORBIOTA, which will share the data with the general public (from the project “Upgrading the Azorean Biodiversity Portal Infrastructure (AZORES BIOPORTAL- PORBIOTA) to Boost Biodiversity Research, Management, and Education -PORBIOTA” (DRCID, ACORES2030-FEDER-03420600), and to the project LIFE SNAILS (LIFE20 NAT/PT/001377), which is improving ecosystems in Santa Maria Island.</p>","pubDate":"2026-04-27T00:00:00.000+00:00","maintenanceUpdateFrequency":"AS_NEEDED","maintenanceDescription":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","dwca":{"coreType":"http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Event","extensions":["http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Occurrence"],"modified":"2026-07-12T19:51:13.766+00:00"},"approximateCounts":{"occurrenceCount":810}}