This dataset documents marine biological samples collected during ANTAR XXXI Leg 1, the first leg of the 31st Peruvian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica. The cruise was conducted aboard the BAP Carrasco from 3 December 2024 to 7 January 2025 in the Bransfield Strait and around the South Shetland Islands.
Biological material from the water column was collected at 24 stations using a double-ring vertical Bongo net equipped with 100 µm and 200 µm mesh nets and a mechanical flow meter. The net was typically deployed to a depth of 200 m, or to 20 m above the seabed at shallower stations, and towed vertically at 30 m/min. In rougher conditions, with winds exceeding 10 knots, the deployment speed was reduced to 20 m/min. Each collected sample was divided into two portions: one was examined onboard and subsequently preserved in 96% ethanol, while the other was preserved immediately in 96% ethanol.
Benthic biological material was collected opportunistically from sediment retrieved using a Van Veen grab. The grab was deployed at eight stations, four of which yielded successful samples. After retrieval, the sediment was processed onboard either by sieving and washing with seawater or by transferring it to a tissue bag, rinsing it thoroughly with seawater and sorting the retained biological material in the wet laboratory.
The dataset includes sampling-event and occurrence records with associated dates, geographic positions, depths, sampling methods and preliminary taxonomic identifications. The collected material supports subsequent taxonomic identification, imaging, genetic research and analyses of Antarctic marine biodiversity.
This dataset is published as open data with technical support provided by SCAR Antarctic Biodiversity Portal (biodiversity.aq) (BELSPO project RT/23/ADVANCE). Please follow the guidelines from the SCAR Data Policy (SCAR, 2023) when using the data. Please contact us via the contact information provided in the metadata or via data-biodiversity-aq@naturalsciences.be for any inquiry about this dataset. Issues with dataset can be reported at https://github.com/biodiversity-aq/data-publication/
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Samplingevent dataset. https://ipt.biodiversity.aq/resource?r=antarxxxi-leg1&v=1.2 https://doi.org/10.15468/5ny66a accessed via GBIF.org on 2026-10-12.","citationProvidedBySource":true},"contactsCitation":[],"lockedForAutoUpdate":false,"createdBy":"104e9c96-791b-4f14-978c-f581cb214912","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-09-22T13:36:42.745+00:00","modified":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.788+00:00","contacts":[{"key":7603626,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":true,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5138-6001"],"firstName":"Edwin","lastName":"Lainas","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Universidad Científica del Sur","address":[],"country":"PE","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.740+00:00","modified":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.740+00:00"},{"key":7603627,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7519-7417"],"firstName":"Charlie","lastName":"Plasman","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences","address":[],"country":"BE","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.742+00:00","modified":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.742+00:00"},{"key":7603628,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9352-9098"],"firstName":"Filip","lastName":"Huyghe","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","address":[],"country":"BE","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.749+00:00","modified":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.749+00:00"},{"key":7603629,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7087-2646"],"firstName":"Yi-Ming","lastName":"Gan","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences","address":[],"country":"BE","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.750+00:00","modified":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.750+00:00"},{"key":7603630,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8953-4719"],"firstName":"Marc","lastName":"Kochzius","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","address":[],"createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.752+00:00","modified":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.752+00:00"},{"key":7603631,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-5554"],"firstName":"Anton","lastName":"Van de Putte","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences","address":[],"createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.753+00:00","modified":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.753+00:00"},{"key":7603632,"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":true,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7087-2646"],"firstName":"Yi-Ming","lastName":"Gan","position":[],"email":["data-biodiversity-aq@naturalsciences.be"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences","address":[],"country":"BE","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.754+00:00","modified":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.754+00:00"}],"endpoints":[{"key":1322822,"type":"DWC_ARCHIVE","url":"https://ipt.biodiversity.aq/archive.do?r=antarxxxi-leg1","createdBy":"104e9c96-791b-4f14-978c-f581cb214912","modifiedBy":"104e9c96-791b-4f14-978c-f581cb214912","created":"2026-09-22T13:36:42.923+00:00","modified":"2026-09-22T13:36:42.923+00:00","machineTags":[]},{"key":1322821,"type":"EML","url":"https://ipt.biodiversity.aq/eml.do?r=antarxxxi-leg1","createdBy":"104e9c96-791b-4f14-978c-f581cb214912","modifiedBy":"104e9c96-791b-4f14-978c-f581cb214912","created":"2026-09-22T13:36:42.860+00:00","modified":"2026-09-22T13:36:42.860+00:00","machineTags":[]}],"machineTags":[{"key":33045243,"namespace":"crawler.gbif.org","name":"crawl_attempt","value":"3","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-10-06T00:08:55.016+00:00"}],"tags":[],"identifiers":[{"key":488716,"type":"URL","identifier":"https://ipt.biodiversity.aq/resource?r=antarxxxi-leg1","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.756+00:00","primary":false}],"comments":[],"bibliographicCitations":[{"text":"The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. (2023). SCAR Report 42 - September 2022 - SCAR Data Policy (2022). Zenodo.","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7825314","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Plasman, C. ‘Antarctic Expedition Cruise Report - ANTARXXXI (Programa Nacional Antartico Del Peru)’. Version 1.0. Preprint, Zenodo, 27 August 2026.","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22124767","citationProvidedBySource":false}],"curatorialUnits":[],"taxonomicCoverages":[{"coverages":[{"scientificName":"Reophacidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Holothuroidea","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Mollusca","rank":{"verbatim":"phylum","interpreted":"PHYLUM"}},{"scientificName":"Mysidacea","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Arthropoda","rank":{"verbatim":"phylum","interpreted":"PHYLUM"}},{"scientificName":"Hydrozoa","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Scleractinia","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Cystiscidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Amphipoda","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Bugulidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Nuculanida","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Ophiurida","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Calanoida","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Ostracoda","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Maldanidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Gadilidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Nuculanidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Chromista","rank":{"verbatim":"kingdom","interpreted":"KINGDOM"}},{"scientificName":"Ampeliscidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Neogastropoda","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Porifera","rank":{"verbatim":"phylum","interpreted":"PHYLUM"}},{"scientificName":"Nemertea","rank":{"verbatim":"phylum","interpreted":"PHYLUM"}},{"scientificName":"Gadilida","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Cellariidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Sternaspidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Myctophidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Scaphopoda","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Diphyidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Plantae","rank":{"verbatim":"kingdom","interpreted":"KINGDOM"}},{"scientificName":"Animalia","rank":{"verbatim":"kingdom","interpreted":"KINGDOM"}},{"scientificName":"Galeommatida","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Yoldiidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Phyllodocida","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Annelida","rank":{"verbatim":"phylum","interpreted":"PHYLUM"}},{"scientificName":"Polychaeta","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Lasaeidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Hexacorallia","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Nematoda","rank":{"verbatim":"phylum","interpreted":"PHYLUM"}},{"scientificName":"Vibiliidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Eunicida","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Aegidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Cheilostomatida","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Rhincalanidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Chordata","rank":{"verbatim":"phylum","interpreted":"PHYLUM"}},{"scientificName":"Metridinidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Appendicularia","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Cuspidariidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Euphausiidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Bivalvia","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Gymnolaemata","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Ascidiacea","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Calanidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Actinacididae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Copepoda","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Siphonophorae","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Lumbrineridae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Ctenophora","rank":{"verbatim":"phylum","interpreted":"PHYLUM"}},{"scientificName":"Tomopteridae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"s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Strait, South Shetland Islands","boundingBox":{"minLatitude":-63.8534,"maxLatitude":-60.1857,"minLongitude":-62.1955,"maxLongitude":-53.2588,"globalCoverage":false}}],"temporalCoverages":[{"@type":"range","start":"2024-12-03T00:00:00.000+00:00","end":"2025-01-07T00:00:00.000+00:00"}],"keywordCollections":[{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml","keywords":["Samplingevent"]},{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml","keywords":["Specimen"]},{"thesaurus":"n/a","keywords":["South Shetland Islands","biodiversity","southern ocean","Bransfield Strait","ANTARXXXI Leg 1","BAP Carrasco","antarctic"]}],"project":{"title":"Antarctic bioDiVersity dAta iNfrastruCturE (ADVANCE)","identifier":"RT/23/ADVANCE","contacts":[{"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7519-7417"],"firstName":"Charlie","lastName":"Plasman","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"CUSTODIAN_STEWARD","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7087-2646"],"firstName":"Yi-Ming","lastName":"Gan","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1336-5554"],"firstName":"Anton","lastName":"Van de Putte","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]}],"funding":"The publication of this dataset was supported by the Antarctic bioDiVersity dAta iNfrastruCture (ADVANCE) project (RT/23/ADVANCE), funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) through the IMPULS research programme.","awards":[],"studyAreaDescription":"Biological sampling was conducted from the BAP Carrasco during ANTAR XXXI Leg 1 in the Bransfield Strait and the waters surrounding the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The expedition followed a network of 45 oceanographic stations encompassing offshore and island-associated environments with varying water and seabed depths. Scientific operations at these stations took place from 10 to 26 December 2024, during the austral summer.","designDescription":"The sampling design combined water-column and benthic collection methods within the oceanographic station network established for ANTAR XXXI Leg 1. Biological material from the water column was collected using a double-ring vertical Bongo net fitted with 100 µm and 200 µm mesh nets, allowing both mesh sizes to be sampled simultaneously. Twenty-five stations were initially allocated for Bongo-net sampling; 24 were successfully sampled, while one was omitted because of rough sea conditions. The net was generally deployed to 200 m depth or to 20 m above the seabed at shallower stations and was retrieved vertically at 30 m/min. Each catch was divided into two portions: one was examined onboard before preservation in 96% ethanol, and the other was preserved immediately in 96% ethanol.\n\nBenthic biological material was collected opportunistically using a Van Veen grab shared among the participating research teams. The grab was deployed at eight stations, of which four produced samples; unsuccessful deployments were associated with rocky substrate. Retrieved sediment was processed by sieving and washing with seawater or by rinsing it in a tissue bag before the retained biological material was sorted in the wet laboratory.\n\nStandardised field-data templates and labelling procedures were used to record sampling events, sample relationships and preliminary taxonomic identifications. The collected material was retained for subsequent taxonomic, imaging and genetic analyses.","relatedProjects":[],"abstract":"ADVANCE develops a distributed Virtual Research Infrastructure for Antarctic and Southern Ocean biodiversity data. The project expands the SCAR Antarctic Biodiversity Portal (biodiversity.aq) by connecting and enriching biodiversity and environmental data and providing interoperable data, standards, workflows and tools for scientific research and policy. It promotes open and reproducible data publication in accordance with the FAIR, TRUST and CARE principles and collaborates with international infrastructures, including GBIF and OBIS. This dataset contributes to ADVANCE by making biological sample and taxonomic identification data from ANTAR XXXI Leg 1 openly available in a standardised and reusable format."},"samplingDescription":{"studyExtent":"The sampling design combined water-column and benthic collection methods within the oceanographic station network established for ANTAR XXXI Leg 1. Biological material from the water column was collected using a double-ring vertical Bongo net fitted with 100 µm and 200 µm mesh nets, allowing both mesh sizes to be sampled simultaneously. Twenty-five stations were initially allocated for Bongo-net sampling; 24 were successfully sampled, while one was omitted because of rough sea conditions. The net was generally deployed to 200 m depth or to 20 m above the seabed at shallower stations and was retrieved vertically at 30 m/min. Each catch was divided into two portions: one was examined onboard before preservation in 96% ethanol, and the other was preserved immediately in 96% ethanol.\n\nBenthic biological material was collected opportunistically using a Van Veen grab shared among the participating research teams. The grab was deployed at eight stations, of which four produced samples; unsuccessful deployments were associated with rocky substrate. Retrieved sediment was processed by sieving and washing with seawater or by rinsing it in a tissue bag before the retained biological material was sorted in the wet laboratory.\n\nStandardised field-data templates and labelling procedures were used to record sampling events, sample relationships and preliminary taxonomic identifications. The collected material was retained for subsequent taxonomic, imaging and genetic analyses.","sampling":"Biological material from the water column was collected using a double-ring vertical Bongo net equipped with 100 µm and 200 µm mesh nets and a mechanical flow meter. The net was generally deployed to 200 m depth or to 20 m above the seabed at shallower stations and retrieved vertically at 30 m/min. In winds exceeding 10 knots, the deployment speed was reduced to 20 m/min. Each catch was divided using a Folsom splitter. One portion was examined onboard and then preserved in 96% ethanol, while the other was preserved immediately in 96% ethanol.\n\nBenthic biological material was collected opportunistically using a Van Veen grab lowered to the seafloor and allowed to close upon contact with the substrate. After retrieval, the sediment was processed either by sieving and washing with seawater or by transferring it to a tissue bag, rinsing it thoroughly with seawater and sorting the retained biological material in the wet laboratory.","qualityControl":"All records were validated. Coordinates were converted into decimal latitude and decimal longitude and plotted on map to verify the actual geographical location corresponds to its locality. All scientific names were checked for typo and matched to the species information backbone of Worlds Register of Marine Species (http://marinespecies.org/) and LSID were assigned to each taxa as scientificNameID.Event date and time were verified to be compliant with ISO 8601 standard.","methodSteps":["Station, date, time, position, depth and environmental information were recorded using standardised field-data templates.","At stations assigned to vertical Bongo-net sampling, the double-ring net carrying 100 µm and 200 µm mesh nets was lowered to the target depth and retrieved vertically. A mechanical flow meter recorded the information required to determine the volume of water filtered.","After retrieval, material from each Bongo-net catch was divided using a Folsom splitter. One portion was examined onboard before being preserved in 96% ethanol; the second portion was preserved immediately in 96% ethanol.","At stations selected for benthic sampling, a Van Veen grab was lowered to the seafloor, closed upon contact with the substrate and retrieved. Deployments that encountered rocky substrate did not yield usable sediment samples.","Successfully retrieved sediment was washed through a sieve or rinsed inside a tissue bag. Retained biological material was transferred to the wet laboratory for sorting.","Preliminary taxonomic identifications were recorded using binocular microscopes and identification manuals, and selected organisms were photographed.","Sampling events, samples and preliminary identifications were digitised and linked through standardised identifiers. The resulting records were subsequently structured for publication using Darwin Core."]},"countryCoverage":[],"collections":[],"dataDescriptions":[],"dataLanguage":"eng","pubDate":"2026-09-01T00:00:00.000+00:00","maintenanceUpdateFrequency":"UNKNOWN","maintenanceDescription":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","dwca":{"coreType":"http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Event","extensions":["http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Occurrence"],"modified":"2026-09-22T13:37:43.687+00:00"},"approximateCounts":{"occurrenceCount":221}}