{"key":"a013718d-4d97-4fea-85d4-7f976c6cbb35","installationKey":"f66ca88d-1f6a-49dc-b33b-32960faee57e","publishingOrganizationKey":"038a1133-81e2-42e8-a4dd-b5ac246eb082","doi":"10.15468/utzvkm","external":false,"numConstituents":0,"type":"OCCURRENCE","subtype":"OBSERVATION","shortName":"ncf-ncbs-arp-seed_predation","title":"Occurrence of rainforest trees and their mammal and bird visitors from a seed predation experiment, Valparai Plateau, Western Ghats, India (2020)","description":"<p>The data contain occurrence records of four native rainforest tree species and the mammals, birds, and reptiles detected at those trees, from a seed predation experiment on the Valparai Plateau, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India (January–August 2020). The four focal tree species — Acronychia pedunculata, Cullenia exarillata, Ormosia travancorica, and Syzygium rubicundum — are mid-elevation tropical rainforest trees whose seeds are consumed by mammals to varying degrees. Individual fruiting trees were selected as focal trees in three rainforest fragments (Akkamalai-Iyerpadi, Andiparai, Iyerpadi-Top, Old-Valparai, Puthuthottam; area 30–100 ha) and in contiguous forest within the Anamalai Tiger Reserve. Camera traps placed at seed plots near and far from each focal tree recorded visiting mammals and birds (748 detections), and additional mammal and bird occurrences were recorded as ad-hoc observations (31 records). A total of 779 occurrence records are included, spanning 38 taxa: the four focal tree species (Plantae, Class Magnoliopsida) and 34 animal taxa (mammals, birds, reptiles). The data correspond to the following publication: Krishnan A, Osuri AM, Krishnadas M. 2022. Small mammals reduce distance dependence and increase seed predation risk in tropical rainforest fragments. Biotropica. 54:1428–1439. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.13137</p>","language":"eng","homepage":"https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.13137","citation":{"text":"Krishnan A, Osuri A M, Krishnadas M (2026). Occurrence of rainforest trees and their mammal and bird visitors from a seed predation experiment, Valparai Plateau, Western Ghats, India (2020). Nature Conservation Foundation. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/utzvkm accessed via GBIF.org on 2026-10-14.","citationProvidedBySource":false},"contactsCitation":[{"key":7080095,"abbreviatedName":"Krishnan A","firstName":"Aparna","lastName":"Krishnan","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9781-1157"]},{"key":7080096,"abbreviatedName":"Osuri A M","firstName":"Anand M.","lastName":"Osuri","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-5633"]},{"key":7080097,"abbreviatedName":"Krishnadas M","firstName":"Meghna","lastName":"Krishnadas","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-9787"]}],"lockedForAutoUpdate":false,"createdBy":"038a1133-81e2-42e8-a4dd-b5ac246eb082","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-07-17T12:18:50.718+00:00","modified":"2026-07-17T12:19:51.537+00:00","contacts":[{"key":7080095,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":true,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9781-1157"],"firstName":"Aparna","lastName":"Krishnan","position":["Masters student"],"email":["aparnak108@gmail.com"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS)","address":[],"city":"Bengaluru","province":"Karnataka","country":"IN","postalCode":"570065","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-07-17T12:19:51.516+00:00","modified":"2026-07-17T12:19:51.516+00:00"},{"key":7080096,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-5633"],"firstName":"Anand M.","lastName":"Osuri","position":["Scientist"],"email":["aosuri@ncf-india.org"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Nature Conservation Foundation","address":["1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage"],"city":"Mysuru","province":"Karnataka","country":"IN","postalCode":"570017","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-07-17T12:19:51.519+00:00","modified":"2026-07-17T12:19:51.519+00:00"},{"key":7080097,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2231-9787"],"firstName":"Meghna","lastName":"Krishnadas","position":["Assistant Professor"],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"National Centre for Biological Sciences","address":[],"city":"Bengaluru","province":"Karnataka","country":"IN","postalCode":"560065","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-07-17T12:19:51.520+00:00","modified":"2026-07-17T12:19:51.520+00:00"},{"key":7080098,"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":true,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9781-1157"],"firstName":"Aparna","lastName":"Krishnan","position":["Masters student"],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS)","address":[],"city":"Bengaluru","province":"Karnataka","country":"IN","postalCode":"570065","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-07-17T12:19:51.521+00:00","modified":"2026-07-17T12:19:51.521+00:00"},{"key":7080099,"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953"],"firstName":"T. 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Shankar","lastName":"Raman","position":["Senior Scientist"],"email":["trsr@ncf-india.org"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Nature Conservation Foundation","address":["1311, 12th A Main,Vijayanagar 1st Stage"],"city":"Mysuru","province":"Karnataka","country":"IN","postalCode":"570017","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-07-17T12:19:51.523+00:00","modified":"2026-07-17T12:19:51.523+00:00"}],"endpoints":[{"key":1306406,"type":"DWC_ARCHIVE","url":"https://cloud.gbif.org/asia/archive.do?r=ncf-ncbs-arp-seed_predation","createdBy":"038a1133-81e2-42e8-a4dd-b5ac246eb082","modifiedBy":"038a1133-81e2-42e8-a4dd-b5ac246eb082","created":"2026-07-17T12:18:50.915+00:00","modified":"2026-07-17T12:18:50.915+00:00","machineTags":[]},{"key":1306405,"type":"EML","url":"https://cloud.gbif.org/asia/eml.do?r=ncf-ncbs-arp-seed_predation","createdBy":"038a1133-81e2-42e8-a4dd-b5ac246eb082","modifiedBy":"038a1133-81e2-42e8-a4dd-b5ac246eb082","created":"2026-07-17T12:18:50.874+00:00","modified":"2026-07-17T12:18:50.874+00:00","machineTags":[]}],"machineTags":[{"key":33141469,"namespace":"crawler.gbif.org","name":"crawl_attempt","value":"10","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-10-12T01:30:39.089+00:00"}],"tags":[],"identifiers":[],"comments":[],"bibliographicCitations":[{"text":"Krishnan A, Osuri AM, Krishnadas M. 2022. Small mammals reduce distance dependence and increase seed predation risk in tropical rainforest fragments. Biotropica. 54:1428–1439. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.13137","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.13137","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Krishnan, Aparna; M Osuri, Anand; Krishnadas, Meghna (2022). Small mammals reduce distance-dependence and increase seed predation risk in tropical rainforest fragments [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tht76hf20","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tht76hf20","citationProvidedBySource":false}],"curatorialUnits":[],"taxonomicCoverages":[{"description":"N/A","coverages":[{"scientificName":"Malvaceae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Myrtaceae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Squamata","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Tragulidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Tracheophyta","rank":{"verbatim":"phylum","interpreted":"PHYLUM"}},{"scientificName":"Bovidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Columbidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Artiodactyla","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Felidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Plantae","rank":{"verbatim":"kingdom","interpreted":"KINGDOM"}},{"scientificName":"Muscicapidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Animalia","rank":{"verbatim":"kingdom","interpreted":"KINGDOM"}},{"scientificName":"Canidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Proboscidea","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Galliformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Rutaceae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Pholidota","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Magnoliopsida","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Passeriformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Eulipotyphla","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Cercopithecidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Hystricidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Herpestidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Myrtales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Sturnidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Primates","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Chordata","rank":{"verbatim":"phylum","interpreted":"PHYLUM"}},{"scientificName":"Malvales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Columbiformes","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Aves","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Platacanthomyidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Reptilia","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Fabaceae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Carnivora","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Viverridae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Sciuridae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Manidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Mammalia","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Soricidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Fabales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Phasianidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Timaliidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Rodentia","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Turdidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Cervidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Sapindales","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Mustelidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Elephantidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Elapidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}}]}],"geographicCoverages":[{"description":"Study Area: Valparai Plateau and Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India.\nThe study was conducted at five rainforest fragments on the Valparai Plateau (Akkamalai-Iyerpadi, Andiparai, Iyerpadi-Top, Old-Valparai, Puthuthottam; fragment area 30–100 ha) and in contiguous rainforest within the Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR). The Valparai Plateau (10°15'–10°22'N, 76°52'–76°59'E) is a plantation landscape interspersed with approximately 40 rainforest fragments, surrounded by the ATR and other protected areas comprising roughly 30,000 ha of contiguous rainforest.","boundingBox":{"minLatitude":10.33027,"maxLatitude":10.395454,"minLongitude":76.928846,"maxLongitude":77.00094,"globalCoverage":false}}],"temporalCoverages":[{"@type":"range","start":"2020-02-01T00:00:00.000+00:00","end":"2022-07-01T00:00:00.000+00:00"}],"keywordCollections":[{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml","keywords":["samplingEvent","occurrence"]},{"thesaurus":"n/a","keywords":["rainforest trees","Anamalai Tiger Reserve","camera trap","forest fragmentation","Janzen-Connell hypothesis","Valparai","seed predation","focal trees","rodents","tropical rainforest","rainforest fragments","plant-animal interactions","Western Ghats","small mammals"]},{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml","keywords":["Observation"]}],"project":{"title":"Effects of Forest Fragmentation on Mammal-mediated Seed Predation in the Western Ghats, India","identifier":"ncf-ncbs-arp-seedpredation","contacts":[{"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9781-1157"],"firstName":"Aparna","lastName":"Krishnan","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]}],"funding":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Tata Trusts; Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India; National Centre for Biological Sciences – Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (NCBS-TIFR).","awards":[],"relatedProjects":[],"abstract":"This project examined how forest fragmentation affects seed predation by mammals and the distance dependence of seed predation risk in tropical rainforest fragments on the Valparai Plateau, Western Ghats, India. A field experiment was conducted at individual fruiting trees of four native rainforest species (Acronychia pedunculata, Cullenia exarillata, Ormosia travancorica, Syzygium rubicundum) in contiguous forest (Anamalai Tiger Reserve) and rainforest fragments. Camera traps placed at seed plots near and far from each focal tree recorded visiting mammal species. The study found markedly higher mammal-mediated seed predation in fragments, with reduced distance dependence for tree species whose seeds are primarily consumed by mammals."},"samplingDescription":{"studyExtent":"Focal trees of four rainforest species were selected in three rainforest fragments (total N = 32 focal trees) and contiguous forest within Anamalai Tiger Reserve (N = 30 focal trees) on the Valparai Plateau, Tamil Nadu. Fragments monitored: Akkamalai-Iyerpadi, Andiparai, Iyerpadi-Top, Old-Valparai, and Puthuthottam (area 30–100 ha). Camera traps were deployed at 16 locations in contiguous forest (676 trap nights) and 16 locations in fragments (317 trap nights). Fieldwork ran from January to August 2020.","sampling":"This dataset contains two types of occurrence records. (1) Tree occurrences: each focal tree individual of the four study species (Acronychia pedunculata, Cullenia exarillata, Ormosia travancorica, Syzygium rubicundum) is represented as a plant occurrence record at its mapped location, forming the spatial anchor for associated animal records. (2) Animal occurrences: mammals and birds detected by camera trap at seed plots near each focal tree (basisOfRecord: MachineObservation; samplingProtocol: camera trap detection) or encountered incidentally during field visits (basisOfRecord: HumanObservation; samplingProtocol: ad-hoc observation). Animal detection events are linked to their focal tree via the eventID. The number of detections per visit and behavioural activity are recorded in occurrenceRemarks (e.g. \"n_detections:1|activity:Passing\").","qualityControl":"Camera trap images and videos were reviewed and species identified by Aparna Krishnan using standard field references. Some records were identified only to genus, family, or order where image quality did not permit species-level identification; original identifications as recorded are retained in verbatimIdentification. Focal tree locations were recorded with a GPS (coordinateUncertaintyInMeters = 10 m). GBIF-reconciled scientific names are provided alongside original field identifications.","methodSteps":["Methods are as described in Krishnan et al. (2022). Individual fruiting trees of four native rainforest species (Acronychia pedunculata, Cullenia exarillata, Ormosia travancorica, Syzygium rubicundum) were selected as focal trees in contiguous forest and fragments. At each focal tree, seed plots consisting of 10 conspecific seeds in a 50 × 50 cm area were established \"near\" (within 3 m of the trunk) and \"far\" (20–30 m away). Camera traps were placed 2 m from each seed plot (30–60 cm above ground, video/photograph mode: three photographs at five-second intervals or a 30-second video) to identify mammal visitors. Cameras ran for up to 90 days or until all seeds were consumed. Mammal and bird occurrences encountered incidentally during fieldwork were additionally recorded as ad-hoc observations. Identification references: Prater (1948) and Menon (2003) for mammals; Gamble and Fischer (1935) and Pascal and Ramesh (1997) for plants."]},"countryCoverage":[],"collections":[],"dataDescriptions":[{"name":"Small mammals reduce distance-dependence and increase seed predation risk in tropical rainforest fragments","charset":"UTF-8","url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tht76hf20","format":"CSV, text"}],"dataLanguage":"eng","pubDate":"2026-07-17T00:00:00.000+00:00","maintenanceUpdateFrequency":"NOT_PLANNED","maintenanceDescription":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","dwca":{"coreType":"http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Occurrence","extensions":[],"modified":"2026-07-17T12:19:51.457+00:00"},"approximateCounts":{"occurrenceCount":779}}