Sampling-event data from a two-year pilot study (2024–2025) to develop and test a complementary component of the\n Norwegian breeding bird monitoring scheme targeting wetland-associated birds, particularly waterbirds breeding in\n freshwater and wetland habitats.
The pilot was carried out by BirdLife Norway and\n the Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) on behalf of the Norwegian Environment Agency. The study design\n is based on the same national 18 × 18 km grid framework as the standard Norwegian breeding bird monitoring scheme,\n but candidate survey routes were selected from grid cells not used by the standard programme and where sufficient\n freshwater and wetland habitat was available.
Samplings were conducted in Central Norway\n (Nordmøre and Trøndelag) in 2024. In 2025, the pilot was extended to Innlandet and Finnmark to evaluate the method\n in areas with different geographic conditions and expected waterbird abundance.
Survey routes consist of fixed counting points associated with freshwater and\n wetland habitats. Birds are recorded at the counting points and, where applicable, while observers move on foot\n between points. Information on abundance, sex and life stage is recorded where relevant.
The published data are aggregated at the survey-route event level. Occurrence\n records represent aggregated counts for a taxon and, where available, a sex and life-stage category within a sampling\n event. The dataset represents a methodological pilot and should not be interpreted as a complete national monitoring\n time series.
","language":"eng","homepage":"https://hekkefuglovervakingen.nina.no/Wetlands/","logoUrl":"https://ipt.nina.no/logo.do?r=tove_birdsampling","citation":{"text":"Stokke B, Øien I J, Kålås J A, Vang R (2026). Norwegian breeding bird monitoring scheme – wetland monitoring pilot 2024–2025. Version 1.2. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. Sampling event dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/3kfsmg accessed via GBIF.org on 2026-10-10.","citationProvidedBySource":false},"contactsCitation":[{"key":7111190,"abbreviatedName":"Stokke B","firstName":"Bård","lastName":"Stokke","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5589-6738"]},{"key":7111191,"abbreviatedName":"Øien I J","firstName":"Ingar Jostein","lastName":"Øien","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0986-2726"]},{"key":7111192,"abbreviatedName":"Kålås J A","firstName":"John Atle","lastName":"Kålås","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2126-0261"]},{"key":7111193,"abbreviatedName":"Vang 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(Aves), with emphasis on waterbirds and other species associated with freshwater and wetland habitats. The target groups include ducks, geese and swans, rails and cranes, grebes, shorebirds, gulls, terns and skuas, loons, storks, cormorants, herons, raptors, owls, falcons and selected wetland-associated passerines.","coverages":[{"scientificName":"Aves","commonName":"Birds","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}}]}],"geographicCoverages":[{"description":"Norway. Pilot surveys were conducted in Central Norway (Nordmøre and Trøndelag) in 2024 and in Innlandet and Finnmark in 2025. Survey routes were selected within the national 18 × 18 km monitoring grid and targeted areas containing suitable freshwater and wetland habitats.","boundingBox":{"minLatitude":-90.0,"maxLatitude":90.0,"minLongitude":-180.0,"maxLongitude":180.0,"globalCoverage":true}}],"temporalCoverages":[{"@type":"verbatim","period":"2024–2025","type":"FORMATION_PERIOD"}],"keywordCollections":[{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml","keywords":["Samplingevent;"]},{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml","keywords":["Observation"]},{"thesaurus":"n/a","keywords":["breeding birds; waterbirds; wetland birds; wetlands; freshwater; bird monitoring; population monitoring; Norway; pilot study; abundance; sex; life stage"]}],"project":{"title":"Norwegian breeding bird monitoring scheme – wetland monitoring pilot","contacts":[{"type":"AUTHOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5589-6738"],"firstName":"Bård","lastName":"Stokke","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"AUTHOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0986-2726"],"firstName":"Ingar Jostein","lastName":"Øien","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"PROGRAMMER","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-8689"],"firstName":"Roald","lastName":"Vang","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"AUTHOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2126-0261"],"firstName":"John Atle","lastName":"Kålås","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]}],"funding":"Norwegian Environment Agency","awards":[],"studyAreaDescription":"The pilot study uses the 18 × 18 km UTM33/WGS84 grid that forms the basis of the Norwegian breeding bird monitoring scheme. Approximately half of the grid cells are used by the standard breeding bird monitoring programme. Candidate routes for the wetland pilot were selected from the remaining grid cells, subject to the availability of suitable freshwater and wetland habitats.\n\nSurvey routes normally contain 20 fixed counting points. The number of points may be reduced to a minimum of 12 where accessibility or practical constraints make 20 points unsuitable. Counting points are normally separated by at least 300 m and are placed within approximately 6 km of the route centre at locations providing suitable coverage of open water and/or wetland habitats.","designDescription":"The objective of the pilot was to test whether targeted surveys of freshwater and wetland habitats can provide improved data for wetland-associated bird species that are insufficiently represented by the standard Norwegian breeding bird monitoring scheme.\n\nThe design retains the randomized large-scale grid framework of the standard monitoring scheme while adapting the placement of counting points to freshwater and wetland habitats. The pilot was intended to evaluate field feasibility, data yield, detectability and the potential contribution of a future wetland component to population trend analyses.\n\nDuring the 2024 pilot, two survey rounds were conducted on many routes to evaluate the value of repeated visits during the breeding season. Experience from 2024 was used to revise the methodology for subsequent testing. The 2025 pilot expanded the geographic scope to Innlandet and Finnmark.","relatedProjects":[]},"samplingDescription":{"studyExtent":"Sampling was conducted during the breeding season using route-specific survey periods. Survey routes normally comprise 20 counting points, with a minimum of 12 points where necessary. Points are normally at least 300 m apart and situated within approximately 6 km of the route centre. Surveys start early in the morning and are carried out under weather conditions suitable for detecting birds.","sampling":"Bird surveys combine fixed-point counts with observations made while moving on foot between counting points. Counting points are fixed and are intended to be reused in subsequent surveys.\n\nAt each counting point, birds are normally counted for exactly five minutes. If necessary, the observer may continue counting long enough to obtain a satisfactory count at sites with large numbers of birds or difficult viewing conditions. Relevant individuals within a maximum distance of 300 m from the counting point are recorded.\n\nSex is recorded where possible and relevant, particularly for ducks. Life stage is recorded as adult, subadult or young of the year. Young of the year includes both dependent downy young and fledged juveniles; these categories are not distinguished in the original data.\n\nBinoculars are used during surveys, while telescopes are not used in order to standardize detectability among observers and years. Observers are instructed to avoid duplicate records between neighbouring counting points and between point counts and observations made while moving between points.","qualityControl":"Field observations and survey information are subject to quality control by BirdLife Norway and NINA. BirdLife Norway is responsible for field coordination and the first stage of quality control, while NINA is responsible for final validation, database management and data publication. Only survey events passing the project validation criteria are included in the published dataset. Species flagged as restricted from public data sharing are excluded from the public occurrence data.","methodSteps":["Select candidate survey routes from the 18 × 18 km monitoring grid based on the presence of suitable freshwater and wetland habitats and practical accessibility.\nEstablish 12–20 fixed counting points within approximately 6 km of the route centre, normally with at least 300 m between neighbouring points.\nVisit the counting points in a predefined sequence and conduct a standard five-minute bird count at each point.\nRecord relevant birds observed within 300 m, including abundance and, where applicable, sex and life stage.\nRecord additional target species encountered while moving on foot between counting points, while avoiding duplicate records of individuals already recorded at counting points.\nRecord survey timing, weather conditions and other information relevant to the sampling event.\nPerform quality control and aggregate observations to route-level sampling events for publication."]},"countryCoverage":[],"collections":[],"dataDescriptions":[{"name":"Field methodology","charset":"UTF-8","url":"https://hekkefuglovervakingen.nina.no/Wetlands/public/papirskjema/MetodeSkjema_Vannfugl.pdf?","format":"pdf"}],"dataLanguage":"eng","purpose":"This dataset documents the development and testing phase of a potential wetland component of the Norwegian breeding bird monitoring scheme during 2024 and 2025. Its primary purpose is to make the pilot data available for reuse and to document the data collected while evaluating survey design, field feasibility and data yield for wetland-associated bird species.\n
\nThe data should not be interpreted as a complete national time series or as estimates of total population size. Detection probability varies among species, habitats, observers and stages of the breeding season. The pilot was designed to evaluate whether a future monitoring programme could provide sufficiently representative and precise data for population trend analyses.\n
\nOccurrence records in this Darwin Core publication are aggregated at the route-event level. organismQuantity represents the aggregated number recorded for a taxon and demographic category during the sampling event. Information on sex and life stage is included where available.
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