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conducted 4 surveys at 14 sites across the whole reservoirs in Miyun Reservoir, Beijing, China.","boundingBox":{"minLatitude":40.44157,"maxLatitude":40.56441,"minLongitude":116.81448,"maxLongitude":117.08914,"globalCoverage":false}}],"temporalCoverages":[{"@type":"range","start":"2023-04-10T00:00:00.000+00:00","end":"2023-10-16T00:00:00.000+00:00"}],"keywordCollections":[{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml","keywords":["Beijing","synchronous waterbird census","Miyun Reservoir","Samplingevent"]},{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml","keywords":["Observation"]}],"project":{"title":"Beijing Miyun Reservoir Admin Program","identifier":"11000023210200037479-XM001/1","contacts":[{"type":"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1157-0303"],"firstName":"Lei","lastName":"Cao","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4968-2302"],"firstName":"Fanjuan","lastName":"Meng","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]}],"funding":"1. Beijing Miyun Reservoir Admin Program (Grant: 11000023210200037479-XM001/1); 2. China’s National Key R&D Program (Grant: 2022YFF1301401); 3. Sino BON.","awards":[],"studyAreaDescription":"Geography: Miyun Reservoir (14 sites); Temporal: Apr–Oct 2023; Taxonomic:  waterbird species (Anseriformes, Charadriiformes, etc.).","designDescription":"Goal: Clarify Miyun Reservoir waterbird communities & develop habitat restoration tech; Strategy: \"Satellite mapping + field verification\" for sites, 2-person telescope surveys; Work: Completed four-season surveys & built \"water level–plant–organism\" restoration scheme.","relatedProjects":[],"abstract":"This project conducted four-season waterbird surveys in Miyun Reservoir and developed a near-natural wetland restoration method, supporting waterbird conservation and wetland function improvement."},"samplingDescription":{"studyExtent":"The area surveyed consists of Miyun Reservoir, Beijing, China. A total of 14 sites were surveyed to cover the whole area.","sampling":"The waterbird species to be counted during the survey were defined according to Waterbird Population Estimates 5 Edition (Mundkur and Nagy 2012), which is the document used by the Ramsar Convention for identifying wetlands containing internationally important concentrations of waterbirds.","qualityControl":"Observers generally underestimate the numbers of waterbirds present when counting large flocks (Rappoldt et al. 1985). Underestimation is also compounded by the common problem of missing birds when counting over large wetland areas.\n\nAs very large concentrations of waterbirds were not encountered during this survey, it is believed that count accuracy (identification of species and numbers) was good. It is also believed that few birds were missed at the individual count sites.","methodSteps":["The count was conducted by one team of two experienced counters, each using Swarovski EL10x32SV roof prism binoculars and Swarovski ATS80 telescopes with 20–60 x zoom eyepieces.\n\nWe followed the identical procedures as those used in the Huaihe River survey (Wijethunge et al., 2025). Our count site selection employed a three-stage methodology: 1) Satellite-based Mapping: Geo-referenced satellite imagery was utilized to identify lakes and wetland areas, with their coordinates uploaded to GPS devices for field navigation. 2) Local Knowledge Integration: We consulted staff from the local forestry bureau and community members with ecological expertise to map zones of high waterbird density. Count stations were strategically placed to maximize coverage of each wetland ecosystem. 3) Logistical Feasibility: Accessible wetland perimeters were prioritized for site placement, leveraging motorized transport where possible. In remote areas, we arranged local conveyance or conducted surveys on foot to minimize logistical constraints. Upon reaching target locations, observation points were selected for unobstructed views with the sun positioned behind observers. Under favorable wind conditions, we stationed ourselves downwind to stabilize monocular observations. In optimal visibility, sites were set at 3–4 km intervals (within the 2–3 km species identification range), with spacing reduced during periods of poor visibility.\n\nOn all mornings, we aimed to arrive at the first count site at about 07:00 h when it was just light enough to see birds. We were able to survey through to about 17:30 h, before it got too dark to see.\n\nWe divided the whole Miyun Reservoir into seven areas to avoid overlapping surveys (Fig. 1). For certain water bodies, surrounding dikes or road networks provided clear vantage points to observe potential waterbird habitats."]},"countryCoverage":[],"collections":[],"dataDescriptions":[],"dataLanguage":"eng","acknowledgements":"We sincerely acknowledge the contributions of the field survey teams for conducting the fieldwork, with special thanks to Jing Zhang and Di Wu. We also express our gratitude to Leyi Wang and Jingpeng Cao for their technical assistance with software. This work was supported by the Beijing Miyun Reservoir Administration Program [grant number 11000023210200037479-XM001/1], the National Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China [grant number 2022YFF1301401], and the China Biodiversity Observation Networks (Sino BON).","pubDate":"2026-04-29T00:00:00.000+00:00","maintenanceUpdateFrequency":"AS_NEEDED","maintenanceDescription":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode","dwca":{"coreType":"http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Event","extensions":["http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Occurrence"],"modified":"2026-06-24T08:05:03.291+00:00"},"approximateCounts":{"occurrenceCount":199}}