{"key":"afdf89d6-4aa9-41e1-bc3d-cee33befa66c","installationKey":"6f7273fb-77ac-4bc1-9c0f-f5dfcba18b86","publishingOrganizationKey":"b94c4428-77c1-47e0-a8c2-2b08228d8dd8","doi":"10.25607/bgjoog","version":"2.2","external":false,"numConstituents":0,"type":"SAMPLING_EVENT","title":"Invertebrate eDNA Gotland Summer 2021","description":"<p>This study used environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding of the 18S rRNA gene to characterise invertebrate assemblages from nine water samples (depths &lt; 0.5 m) collected at three coastal sites around Gotland, Sweden, in summer 2021. Sequencing yielded 506,424 high-quality reads representing 42 invertebrate taxa across eight phyla. Arthropoda dominated both taxon richness and sequence abundance, with the copepod Acartia (Acanthacartia) tonsa detected in nearly all samples. For more details see the associated paper Lüskow and Nordlund 2026 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-026-01696-4.</p>","language":"eng","citation":{"text":"Nordlund L M, Lüskow F, Lawrence E (2026). Invertebrate eDNA Gotland Summer 2021. Version 2.2. OBIS Secretariat. 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The unknown known: coastal brackish-water invertebrate diversity of Gotland, central Baltic Sea. Mar. Biodivers. 56, 86 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-026-01696-4","identifier":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-026-01696-4","citationProvidedBySource":false}],"curatorialUnits":[],"taxonomicCoverages":[],"geographicCoverages":[{"description":"Coastal waters of Gotland in the central Baltic Sea","boundingBox":{"minLatitude":56.253,"maxLatitude":58.654,"minLongitude":16.831,"maxLongitude":20.786,"globalCoverage":false}}],"temporalCoverages":[{"@type":"range","start":"2021-07-27T00:00:00.000+00:00","end":"2021-09-08T00:00:00.000+00:00"}],"keywordCollections":[{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml","keywords":["Samplingevent"]},{"thesaurus":"NERC EV Terms: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/EXV/current/","keywords":["Benthic invertebrates: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/EXV/current/EXV068/\nZooplankton: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/EXV/current/EXV057/"]}],"project":{"title":"Biodiversity Survey Gotland Summer 2021","contacts":[{"type":"PROCESSOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4450-2331"],"firstName":"Lina Mtwana","lastName":"Nordlund","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]}],"funding":"This project was co-funded by the European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 101136748 (BioEcoOcean) and co-funded by the Blue Food-Centre for future seafood, which is financed by Formas–Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development (grant numbers 2020-02834 and 2024-01023_Formas). We acknowledge funding for open-access publishing from Uppsala University.","awards":[],"relatedProjects":[]},"samplingDescription":{"studyExtent":"This study characterises the coastal brackish-water invertebrate diversity around the island of Gotland, Sweden, in the central Baltic Sea. Sampling was conducted during the summer of 2021 (July–September) at three distinct coastal sites: Kappelshamnsviken (northwest coast), Lergrav, and Valleviken (northeast coast). The study focussed on shallow coastal margins where bottom depths are generally less than 5 m. The environmental setting of the study area is characterised by relatively stable, low-to-intermediate salinity (range 4.2–6.7) and varying sub-surface temperatures (range 12.1–19.7°C). The taxonomic scope covers 42 marine invertebrate taxa across eight animal phyla, including both pelagic (holoplanktonic and meroplanktonic) and benthic assemblages.","sampling":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) water samples were collected using a stratified random sampling approach to ensure coverage across distinct areas of the coastal bays. At each of the three sites, three separate 5-litre water samples were collected from a depth of < 0.5 m below the surface, either from a boat or by snorkelling. Samples were immediately stored on ice in cooler boxes for transport. In the laboratory, 500 ml from each 5-litre collection was filtered through a Nalgene® analytical filter funnel with a 0.45 µm pore size. The resulting filters were preserved in 200-proof ethanol and stored at -20°C until further processing. At the time of collection, in situ measurements for temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were recorded using a handheld Elma 795 Multi Chemistry instrument.","methodSteps":["The analytical workflow followed a standardised marine eDNA metabarcoding pipeline:\n-\tDNA extraction & purification: DNA was extracted from the filters using a commercial kit with a modified protocol to maximise yields and purified to remove PCR inhibitors\n-\tPCR amplification: the V4–V5 region of the 18S rRNA gene was targeted to capture a broad range of invertebrates. Standard analysis included three PCR replicates per sample\n-\tLibrary preparation & sequencing: PCR amplicons were purified, quantified using a Qubit broad-range kit, and pooled into a final library at equal concentrations; sequencing was performed on an Illumina MiSeq V3 kit (10.5 pM) with a 20% PhiX spike-in\n-\tBioinformatics & taxonomic assignment: Sequences were processed through a custom pipeline for quality filtering and Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) clustering. Taxonomic assignments were made by comparing consensus sequences against the NCBI nt and SILVA 18S (v138.1) databases, using the GBIF taxonomic backbone for consistency; minimum similarity thresholds were set at 98% for species, 95% for genus, and 92% for higher taxonomic levels\n-\tData filtering & analysis: The final dataset was filtered to remove low-abundance OTUs (< 0.025% or < 10 reads) and common contaminants; for multivariate analysis, OTU data were transformed into presence–absence data to account for biological and methodological biases in read proportions"]},"countryCoverage":[],"collections":[],"dataDescriptions":[],"dataLanguage":"eng","pubDate":"2026-09-15T00:00:00.000+00:00","maintenanceUpdateFrequency":"AS_NEEDED","maintenanceDescription":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode","dwca":{"coreType":"http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Event","extensions":["http://rs.iobis.org/obis/terms/ExtendedMeasurementOrFact","http://rs.gbif.org/terms/1.0/DNADerivedData","http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Occurrence"],"modified":"2026-09-15T21:30:20.909+00:00"},"category":["eDNA"],"approximateCounts":{"occurrenceCount":116}}