Checklist derived from sampling-event records of non-timber forest products and associated vascular plants collected from field plots established during forestry surveys in 12 ejidos (social land tenure) in northern Zacatecas, Mexico, from 2020 to 2026.
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Mexico","identifier":"Bioforest-Zacatecas","contacts":[{"type":"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0718-622X"],"salutation":"Dr.","firstName":"Ariel Armando","lastName":"Delgadillo Escobar","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0778-2246"],"firstName":"Eutropio","lastName":"Sánchez Sánchez","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"EDITOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9876-7806"],"salutation":"Dr.","firstName":"Martha Celia","lastName":"Escobar León","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6755-0570"],"firstName":"Jocelyn","lastName":"Palacios 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Financial support was provided directly to the beneficiary ejidos.\n\nDepending on the study, work was conducted by Gestión para el Desarrollo Social y Ambiental (GDSA) and the Centro de Investigación, Divulgación y Asesoría Técnica Forestal y Agropecuaria (CIDYATFA), in accordance with the objectives, scope, contractual arrangements, and local conditions of each ejido. These studies generated primary field information on vegetation, forest resources, non-timber forest products, and associated biodiversity in community-managed landscapes of Zacatecas.","awards":[],"studyAreaDescription":"The study area covers social land tenure throughout Zacatecas, Mexico. Across Zacatecas, there are xerophytic shrublands, desert and semi-desert grasslands, temperate forests, tropical dry forests, gallery vegetation, and secondary vegetation. Depending on the dataset, samples may come from microphyllous or rosetophyllous desert scrub, crassicaule scrub, natural or managed grasslands, oak and pine forests, mixed pine-oak forests, juniper woodlands, riparian areas, and other plant communities found in communal and rural areas.\n\nEach dataset includes metadata detailing the exact geographic area (e.g., municipalities, ejidos, or communities), coordinates, vegetation types, field dates, and methods used to collect the records.","designDescription":"The project compiles field evidence from applied forestry activities, where biological records are collected to inform forest management and support local decision-making. The project design reflects the applied nature of the source studies. Fieldwork is conducted in community-managed landscapes and is organized according to the objectives of each forestry assessment. Depending on the dataset, records originate from different types of surveying. These field activities generate data on species presence, abundance, habitat, vegetation structure, useful plant resources, and measurable attributes of selected taxa. Following fieldwork and technical reporting, the collected records are reviewed, validated, standardized, harmonized, and mapped to Darwin Core terms.","relatedProjects":[],"abstract":"The project provides a general framework for organizing, standardizing, and publishing biodiversity information derived from studies related to sustainable forest management. The data may include vascular plant records, species checklists, sampling events, occurrence records, abundance data, morphometric measurements, habitat information, resource-use observations, and other biodiversity components documented during fieldwork.\n\nThis project is intended to serve as a long-term umbrella project for multiple datasets produced in different ejidos, municipalities, ecosystems, and study periods across the state of Zacatecas."},"samplingDescription":{"studyExtent":"The dataset covers twelve agrarian communities (ejidos) in northern Zacatecas, Mexico. Morelos and Las Huertas are in the municipality of Concepción del Oro. El Berrendo, Camacho, Cuitláhuac, Presa del Junco, Sabana Grande, San Antonio del Portezuelo, San Francisco de los Quijano, San José de Carbonerillas, San Juan de los Charcos, and Santa Rosa are in the municipality of Mazapil. These ejidos form a regional study extent within a portion of the Chihuahuan Desert.","sampling":"The sampling design followed forest inventory procedures applied in management-oriented forestry studies. Fieldwork aimed to document economically relevant plant resources and associated vascular flora. Sampling involved field sampling units, taxonomic recording, abundance estimates, site characterization, geographic referencing, and morphometric measurements. Species-specific allometric equations and technical guidelines were used to support estimates of forest resources considered (CONABIO 2022, López-Serrano et al. 2021a, 2021b, 2021c, 2021d).","qualityControl":"Prior to integration into the final dataset, species records underwent taxonomic validation. This process ensures nomenclatural consistency and record accuracy, which facilitates compatibility with global biodiversity databases. These measures support data quality and reproducibility.\n\nTaxonomic validation was conducted using R version 4.5.3 (R Core Team 2026) in RStudio, employing the rgbif package (Chamberlain et al. 2026) to access the GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. To improve matching accuracy, each record was evaluated in both its original form (including authorship) and a simplified form (genus and specific epithet only). The most consistent result was selected based on match quality and confidence metrics. This methodology aligns with current recommendations for taxonomic name harmonization, which endorse the use of multiple name representations to maximize matching success and minimize assignment errors (Grenié et al. 2023). \n\nScientific names flagged during validation as requiring nomenclatural changes were manually reviewed. These names were cross-checked against specialized taxonomic databases, including Plants of the World Online (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2026) for taxonomic status and the International Plant Names Index (The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew et al. 2026) for nomenclature. As a result, three species were assigned scientific names that differed from those provided by rgbif: Larrea tridentata (DC.). Coult was changed to Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville; Neltuma laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Britton & Rose was retained instead of Prosopis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) M.C.Johnst; and Ferocactus hamatacanthus (Muehlenpf.) Britton & Rose was retained instead of Bisnaga hamatacantha subsp. hamatacantha. Scientific name authorship is complete for all species-level records; unresolved higher-rank authorships were left blank pending further taxonomic scrutiny.","methodSteps":["Field data compilation: Vascular plant records were compiled from field observations within the study area. Locality information, sampling events, taxonomic identifications, and associated field notes for each record were reviewed and organized into a standardized tabular format following Darwin Core terms."]},"countryCoverage":[],"collections":[],"dataDescriptions":[],"dataLanguage":"eng","purpose":"This dataset provides access to a checklist of species generated from forest inventory work conducted in 12 agrarian communities in northern Zacatecas, Mexico. The data document non-timber forest products and associated vascular flora observed in these ejidos. The information is organized as a taxonomic checklist. The publication of these data is particularly relevant in the context of the Natural Protected Area Semidesierto Zacatecano, established in January 2024 in the municipalities of Mazapil, Concepción del Oro, and El Salvador, Zacatecas, within the Mexican portion of the Chihuahuan Desert. This protected area is designated as a Flora and Fauna Protection Area.
","introduction":"Forest inventories are a primary source of information for assessing the condition and composition of forest resources. Beyond their immediate purpose, inventory data provide a valuable basis for ecological analysis and biodiversity monitoring. Forest inventory is the systematic collection of data on forest resources within a defined area to provide information needed for assessment, planning, and management. In Mexico, many forested and semi-arid landscapes are managed under communal tenure by ejidos and agrarian communities. This form of land tenure is central to community forest management. Ejidos function as communally owned land-tenure systems and are recognized as key institutions for forest conservation and management outcomes in Mexico.The dataset presented here derives from forest inventory activities carried out in twelve agrarian communities in northern Zacatecas: Morelos and Las Huertas in the municipality of Concepción del Oro; and El Berrendo, Camacho, Cuitláhuac, Presa del Junco, Sabana Grande, San Antonio del Portezuelo, San Francisco de los Quijano, San José de Carbonerillas, San Juan de los Charcos, and Santa Rosa in the municipality of Mazapil. These communities are located within the Mexican portion of the Chihuahuan Desert, where arid and semi-arid vegetation, non-timber forest products, and local resource-use practices are central to forest management and conservation.
","gettingStarted":"The resource is organized as a Darwin Core checklist with distribution and Plinian Threat extensions. The checklist contains 306 taxonomic entries representing all vascular plant taxa recorded across the twelve ejidos surveyed in northern Zacatecas, Mexico.The Taxon Core provides the taxonomic backbone for the dataset. Each record represents an accepted taxon and includes taxonID, parentNameUsageID, acceptedNameUsageID, scientificName, acceptedNameUsage, scientificNameAuthorship, taxonRank, taxonomicStatus, namePublishedIn, higherClassification, and the standard Darwin Core classification fields (kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specificEpithet, and infraspecificEpithet). Vernacular names in Spanish are provided for 97 entries. Four records include taxonRemarks documenting nomenclatural decisions made during taxonomic validation.The checklist is organized hierarchically through the parentNameUsageID field, which links each taxon to its immediate parent in the classification. The taxonomic hierarchy spans from kingdom to subspecies level and includes 1 kingdom, 1 phylum, 5 classes, 23 orders, 42 families, 105 genera, 128 species, and 1 subspecies, following a hierarchical Darwin Core checklist structure in which each taxonomic rank is represented by its own record and empty lower-rank fields are therefore structurally correct for higher-rank taxa. All 306 entries have taxonomicStatus = accepted; no synonyms are included in this resource. The nomenclature follows the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). The distribution file contains the location records linked to ejidos where the species were sampled, distribution-level fields include taxonID, locationID, locality, countryCode, occurrenceStatus, establishmentMeans, threatStatus according to the IUCN, appendixCITES, eventeDate, startDayOfYear and endDayOfYear. The Plinian Threat Status extension includes the risk category according to the Official Mexican Standard NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. This checklist includes 5 species Subject to special protection (Pr), 2 Endangered (P), and 2 Threatened (A).
","acknowledgements":"We are grateful to all who contributed to the development of this dataset and to the fieldwork from which it was derived.We thank Evanelit Hernández Cortés, Rigoberto González Cubas, Aeshly Suheil Arredondo Ríos, Esmeralda Maldonado González, and Itzel Alejandra Esparza Ramos for their support in project coordination, technical follow-up, and administrative assistance.We also acknowledge the botanists, forestry specialists, technicians, and students who participated in field data collection, botanical recording, taxonomic identification, data review, and processing: Susana Muñoz Beltrán, Merced Medrano Sandoval, Óscar Eduardo España Manríquez, Humberto González Salas, Daniel Sánchez Velasco, Concepción Sánchez Velasco, Edilberto Vázquez Ramírez, Jonathan Santiago Velasco, Stephanie Lisset Huízar Sandoval, Noelia Guadalupe López Martínez, Raziel Imanol Reyes, Fernando Castillo Sandoval, Alexis Chaires Cárdenas, Saulo Rivas Ortiz, Cynthia Jaqueline Guillen Esparza, Alessandro Martínez Rubio, Charlotte Andrea González Meléndez, Carlos Emilio Vidal Guerrero, Juan Diego Muro González, María Fernanda Torres Murillo, José Ricardo Rodríguez Ernst, Maritza Tovar Valderrama, Jaime Alonso Ríos Rivera, Adaya González González, Azeneth García Román, and Camila Jareño Salas.We are especially indebted to the ejidatarios and local collaborators from the participating agrarian communities. Their field assistance, knowledge of local vegetation, and experience in the territory were essential for carrying out the forest inventory and documenting biodiversity. The following individuals provided invaluable support by community: Morelos: Javier Luna Reyna, Aarón Luna Sifuentes, Juan Carlos Rosales Mata, Leonsio Rosales Mata, Juan Barrientos Mata, Cecilio Rosales Luna, Moisés Zaragoza Delgado, Ezequiel Luna Martínez, and Usiel Iván García Luna; El Berrendo: José Gutiérrez Hernández (†2026), Hilario Morales Nájera, Jorge Asael Gutiérrez Hernández, Isidro Hernández Alvizo, and Marco Fernando Rodríguez Hernández; Las Huertas: J. Inés Cardona Orozco, Marco Fernando Rodríguez Hernández, Isidro Fernández Alvizo, Juan Diego Rangel Escobedo, and Pedro Escobedo Moreno; Presa del Junco: Jorge Cardona Hernández, María Guadalupe Castillo Canizalez, Mario Ramírez Gutiérrez, Juan Antonio Canizalez Lugo, Víctor Alvarado Guerrero, Abelardo Camarillo Canizalez, and José Concepción Alvarado Guerrero; San Antonio del Portezuelo: Manuel Méndez Sánchez, Tomás Méndez Mendoza, Marcelino Méndez Sánchez, and David Méndez Corpus; Sabana Grande: Jesús Alemán Sánchez, Mario Solís Alemán, Basilio Bordallo Solís, Leonardo Solís Alemán, and Juan Zenón Solís Alemán; San Juan de los Charcos: Juan Escareño Rivera, Rodolfo Escareño Méndez, and Jaime Ramos Álvarez; Santa Rosa: Gerardo Solís Leos, Marco Antonio Garza Solís, Rigoberto Garza Solís, Pedro Silos Domínguez, Juan Silos Domínguez, José Arturo Sánchez Acevedo, and Fernando Carranza Solís; Camacho: José Guadalupe García Macías, Nelson Huerta Domínguez, Eleazar González Cháirez, Cervando Escobedo Guzmán, and Andrés Rodríguez Sánchez; San Francisco de los Quijano: Miguel Ángel de Jesús Hernández and Juan Paulo Gutiérrez Rodríguez; Cuitláhuac: Celso Gamiño Sánchez, Rigoberto Gamiño Sánchez, Rogelio Sánchez Domínguez, and Roberto Martínez Meza; and San José de Carbonerillas: Álvaro Noyola López, Mario Noyola López, Miguel Scott Contreras, and Andrés Noyola López.Finally, we thank the Department of Operations and Maintenance of the National Biodiversity Information System (SNIB) for guidance and assistance in publishing this dataset through the node of the National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO).
","additionalInfo":"This dataset is released under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).\n\nThe dataset is derived from forest inventories conducted between 2020 and 2026 across 12 ejidos in northern Zacatecas, Mexico. The records have been standardized to the Darwin Core format.","pubDate":"2026-07-13T00:00:00.000+00:00","maintenanceUpdateFrequency":"UNKNOWN","maintenanceDescription":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","dwca":{"coreType":"http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Taxon","extensions":["http://rs.gbif.org/terms/1.0/Distribution","http://purl.org/plic/terms/3.2.1/ThreatStatus"],"modified":"2026-07-13T21:39:44.304+00:00"},"approximateCounts":{"occurrenceCount":0,"nameUsageCount":306}}