{"key":"d3bc446a-8bd1-46cc-aacd-24f782a6c0ca","installationKey":"f66ca88d-1f6a-49dc-b33b-32960faee57e","publishingOrganizationKey":"038a1133-81e2-42e8-a4dd-b5ac246eb082","doi":"10.15468/svz7gp","external":false,"numConstituents":0,"type":"OCCURRENCE","subtype":"OBSERVATION","shortName":"ncf-arp-trees-20x20and5x5","title":"Tree and plant occurrence from long-term vegetation plot monitoring in restoration and forest areas, Valparai Plateau, Anamalai Hills, Tamil Nadu, India (2016-2025)","description":"<p>The data contain occurrence records of trees, shrubs, herbs, and other plant species from long-term vegetation plot monitoring across restoration and forest areas on the Valparai Plateau and adjoining Anamalai Hills, Tamil Nadu, India (2016–2025). Plots were established as part of the Anamalai Restoration Project (ARP), a long-term programme by Nature Conservation Foundation monitoring ecological restoration of degraded rainforest habitats on the plateau. Vegetation was sampled in 41 sites spanning a range of land-use and restoration treatments: benchmark forest (reference condition), actively restored plots, unrestored areas, eucalyptus plantation, and unrestored control sites, and (experimental) weeding-seeding plots. Three sampling protocols were used: (1) 20×20 m plots recording all trees above a minimum girth threshold (occurrenceRemarks contains girth and height), (2) 5×5 m plots recording woody regeneration, and (3) 20×20 m plots recording categorical cover of ground-layer vegetation (grass, Wedelia, coffee). A total of 20,475 occurrence records spanning 339 plant taxa across four classes (Magnoliopsida, Liliopsida, Pinopsida, Polypodiopsida) are included. Records were collected by 27 field personnel over nine years of monitoring.</p>","language":"eng","citation":{"text":"Kasinathan S, Rajesh R, Sundarraj T, Murali A, Moorthi G, Vanidass T, Madhavan A, Arun S, Osuri A, Nag J, Siddhartha M, Surendra A, Siva Dass D, Raman T R S, Mudappa D (2026). Tree and plant occurrence from long-term vegetation plot monitoring in restoration and forest areas, Valparai Plateau, Anamalai Hills, Tamil Nadu, India (2016-2025). Nature Conservation Foundation. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/svz7gp accessed via GBIF.org on 2026-10-14.","citationProvidedBySource":false},"contactsCitation":[{"key":7109201,"abbreviatedName":"Kasinathan S","firstName":"Srinivasan","lastName":"Kasinathan","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-6653"]},{"key":7109202,"abbreviatedName":"Rajesh R","firstName":"R.","lastName":"Rajesh","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2666-8956"]},{"key":7109203,"abbreviatedName":"Sundarraj T","firstName":"T.","lastName":"Sundarraj","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-4417"]},{"key":7109204,"abbreviatedName":"Murali A","firstName":"Akhil","lastName":"Murali","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6149-6458"]},{"key":7109205,"abbreviatedName":"Moorthi G","firstName":"G.","lastName":"Moorthi","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0174-9895"]},{"key":7109206,"abbreviatedName":"Vanidass T","firstName":"T.","lastName":"Vanidass","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":[]},{"key":7109207,"abbreviatedName":"Madhavan A","firstName":"A.P.","lastName":"Madhavan","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2754-8256"]},{"key":7109208,"abbreviatedName":"Arun S","firstName":"S.","lastName":"Arun","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":[]},{"key":7109209,"abbreviatedName":"Osuri A","firstName":"Anand","lastName":"Osuri","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-5633"]},{"key":7109210,"abbreviatedName":"Nag J","firstName":"Jyotsna","lastName":"Nag","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8410-1397"]},{"key":7109211,"abbreviatedName":"Siddhartha M","firstName":"Mrinalini","lastName":"Siddhartha","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":[]},{"key":7109212,"abbreviatedName":"Surendra A","firstName":"Akshay","lastName":"Surendra","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2719-7432"]},{"key":7109213,"abbreviatedName":"Siva Dass D","firstName":"D.","lastName":"Siva Dass","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":[]},{"key":7109214,"abbreviatedName":"Raman T R S","firstName":"T. 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Siddhartha, Divya Mudappa, and TR Shankar Raman. \"Effects of restoration on tree communities and carbon storage in rainforest fragments of the Western Ghats, India.\" Ecosphere 10, no. 9 (2019): e02860.","identifier":"doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2860","citationProvidedBySource":false},{"text":"Osuri, A.M., Mudappa, D., Kasinathan, S. and Raman, T.R.S. (2022), Canopy cover and ecological restoration increase natural regeneration of rainforest trees in the Western Ghats, India. 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Area: Valparai Plateau and adjoining Anamalai Hills, Tamil Nadu, India (Western Ghats).\n\nPlots are located across 41 named sites on the Valparai Plateau and its periphery, a landscape of tea, coffee, and eucalyptus plantations interspersed with rainforest fragments . The plateau is surrounded by the Anamalai Tiger Reserve  and other protected areas. Sites include fragments and degraded areas within the plantation matrix as well as plots in contiguous forest within or adjacent to ATR.","boundingBox":{"minLatitude":10.28882,"maxLatitude":10.3905,"minLongitude":76.82935,"maxLongitude":77.00653,"globalCoverage":false}}],"temporalCoverages":[{"@type":"range","start":"2016-04-10T00:00:00.000+00:00","end":"2025-12-18T00:00:00.000+00:00"}],"keywordCollections":[{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml","keywords":["samplingEvent","occurrence"]},{"thesaurus":"n/a","keywords":["vegetation plots","tropical rainforest","tree regeneration","rainforest fragments","plantation restoration","ecological restoration","eucalyptus","Western Ghats","Anamalai Tiger Reserve","Anamalai Hills","long-term monitoring","Valparai"]},{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml","keywords":["Observation"]}],"project":{"title":"Anamalai Restoration Project: Long-term Vegetation Monitoring, Valparai Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India","identifier":"ncf-arp","contacts":[{"type":"CONTENT_PROVIDER","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-6653"],"firstName":"Srinivasan","lastName":"Kasinathan","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"CONTENT_PROVIDER","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2666-8956"],"firstName":"R.","lastName":"Rajesh","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"CONTENT_PROVIDER","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-4417"],"firstName":"T.","lastName":"Sundarraj","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"CONTENT_PROVIDER","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6149-6458"],"firstName":"Akhil","lastName":"Murali","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"CONTENT_PROVIDER","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0174-9895"],"firstName":"G.","lastName":"Moorthi","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"CONTENT_PROVIDER","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"T.","lastName":"Vanidass","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"CONTENT_PROVIDER","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2754-8256"],"firstName":"A. P.","lastName":"Madhavan","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"CONTENT_PROVIDER","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"S.","lastName":"Arun","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"CONTENT_PROVIDER","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-5633"],"firstName":"Anand","lastName":"Osuri","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"CONTENT_PROVIDER","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8410-1397"],"firstName":"Jyotsna","lastName":"Nag","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"CONTENT_PROVIDER","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Mrinalini","lastName":"Siddhartha","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"CONTENT_PROVIDER","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2719-7432"],"firstName":"Akshay","lastName":"Surendra","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"CONTENT_PROVIDER","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"D.","lastName":"Siva Dass","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953"],"firstName":"T. R. Shankar","lastName":"Raman","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826"],"firstName":"Divya","lastName":"Mudappa","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]}],"funding":"Various","awards":[],"relatedProjects":[],"abstract":"The Anamalai Restoration Project (ARP) is a long-term research and ecological restoration programme by Nature Conservation Foundation in the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats. The programme monitors vegetation recovery across a gradient of restoration treatments (restored, unrestored, eucalyptus removal, weeding-seeding) and reference conditions (benchmark forest, contiguous ATR forest) on the Valparai Plateau. This dataset captures the occurrence and structure of plant communities across 41 monitoring sites on the plateau, providing a multi-year record of how native tree diversity and regeneration respond to active restoration and passive recovery in a fragmented tropical rainforest landscape."},"samplingDescription":{"studyExtent":"Vegetation plots were established across 41 sites on the Valparai Plateau and Anamalai Hills as part of the Anamalai Restoration Project (ARP), a long-term restoration and ecological monitoring programme by Nature Conservation Foundation. Sites span the gradient of land-use and restoration conditions present on the plateau, from intact benchmark rainforest fragments and contiguous Anamalai Tiger Reserve forest, through actively restored plots to unrestored and degraded habitats. A majority of the plots have been resurveyed between 2016 and 2025, with 27 field personnel contributing to data collection.","sampling":"Each occurrence record represents one individual plant (trees and regeneration protocols) or one cover-category record (ground-cover protocol - grass, wedelia and coffee) within a plot. Plots are identified by a unique verbatimLocality code and georeferenced at the plot centre (coordinateUncertaintyInMeters = 30 m for 20×20 m plots, 10 m for 5×5 m regeneration subplots). For tree records, girth (cm) and height (m) of each individual are given in occurrenceRemarks. The treatment category of each plot is given in eventRemarks. Records flagged as Treatment:EXCLUDE in eventRemarks were retained in the dataset but should be treated with caution.","qualityControl":"Plant identifications were made by field personnel trained in Western Ghats flora, with reference to Gamble and Fischer (1935) and Pascal and Ramesh (1997). Some records were identified only to genus or family where specimens could not be determined to species level; verbatim identifications are retained in verbatimIdentification alongside GBIF-reconciled scientific names. Plot coordinates were recorded with a GPS.","methodSteps":["Three vegetation sampling protocols were used depending on plot type and target growth form. (1) Trees (20×20 m plots, sampleSizeValue = 400 m²): all woody individuals above a minimum girth-at-breast-height (GBH) threshold were identified to species, and their GBH (cm) and height (m) recorded; these values are stored in occurrenceRemarks. (2) Regeneration (5×5 m plots, sampleSizeValue = 25 m²): all woody seedlings and saplings of various thresholds were identified and counted. (3) Ground-cover (20×20 m plots, sampleSizeValue = 400 m²): categorical cover of grass, Wedelia (now syn. Sphagneticola trilobata, an invasive herb), and coffee was recorded. Plot treatment category (Benchmark, Forest, Restored, Unrestored, Degraded, Eucalyptus, Control, Weeding-Seeding) is recorded in eventRemarks. Plants were identified using Gamble and Fischer (1935) and Pascal and Ramesh (1997)."]},"countryCoverage":[],"collections":[],"dataDescriptions":[],"dataLanguage":"eng","pubDate":"2026-08-14T00:00:00.000+00:00","maintenanceUpdateFrequency":"AS_NEEDED","maintenanceDescription":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","dwca":{"coreType":"http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Occurrence","extensions":[],"modified":"2026-08-14T10:55:21.852+00:00"},"approximateCounts":{"occurrenceCount":20475}}