{"key":"e248a74b-a4dd-49af-a025-3968fec8eba1","installationKey":"f66ca88d-1f6a-49dc-b33b-32960faee57e","publishingOrganizationKey":"038a1133-81e2-42e8-a4dd-b5ac246eb082","doi":"10.15468/ysrzbw","external":false,"numConstituents":0,"type":"OCCURRENCE","subtype":"OBSERVATION","shortName":"ncf-bvu-arp-frogs","title":"Frog occurrence records from rainforest fragments of the Valparai Plateau and Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India","description":"<p>This dataset presents abundance records of frogs surveyed in rainforest fragments of varying sizes within the Valparai Plateau plantation landscape and the adjoining Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR), Tamil Nadu, India. Frogs were sampled using belt transects (25 m x 4 m) placed in two habitat strata — terrestrial rainforest interior and stream — across 10 rainforest fragments and three control sites in the ATR. Sampling was conducted during the south-west monsoon season (June–September 2018) when anurans are most vocal and active for breeding. A total of 13 sites were surveyed: 10 rainforest fragments of varying size classes (small, medium, large) within the plantation landscape and 3 control sites within the ATR. The dataset contains 143 occurrence records representing 33 anuran species from 8 families across all sites.</p>","language":"eng","citation":{"text":"Karthick V (2026). Frog occurrence records from rainforest fragments of the Valparai Plateau and Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India. Nature Conservation Foundation. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/ysrzbw accessed via GBIF.org on 2026-10-16.","citationProvidedBySource":false},"contactsCitation":[{"key":7039726,"abbreviatedName":"Karthick V","firstName":"Vijay","lastName":"Karthick","roles":["ORIGINATOR","METADATA_AUTHOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-3955"]}],"lockedForAutoUpdate":false,"createdBy":"038a1133-81e2-42e8-a4dd-b5ac246eb082","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-06-09T13:09:19.905+00:00","modified":"2026-06-09T13:10:21.405+00:00","contacts":[{"key":7039726,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":true,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-3955"],"firstName":"Vijay","lastName":"Karthick","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Nature Conservation Foundation","address":[],"country":"IN","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-06-09T13:10:21.385+00:00","modified":"2026-06-09T13:10:21.385+00:00"},{"key":7039727,"type":"METADATA_AUTHOR","primary":true,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-3955"],"firstName":"Vijay","lastName":"Karthick","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Nature Conservation Foundation","address":[],"country":"IN","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-06-09T13:10:21.387+00:00","modified":"2026-06-09T13:10:21.387+00:00"},{"key":7039728,"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":true,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-3955"],"firstName":"Vijay","lastName":"Karthick","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Nature Conservation Foundation","address":[],"country":"IN","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-06-09T13:10:21.388+00:00","modified":"2026-06-09T13:10:21.388+00:00"},{"key":7039729,"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953"],"firstName":"T. 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Shankar","lastName":"Raman","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Nature Conservation Foundation","address":[],"city":"Mysuru","province":"Karnataka","country":"IN","postalCode":"570017","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-06-09T13:10:21.390+00:00","modified":"2026-06-09T13:10:21.390+00:00"},{"key":7039730,"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826"],"firstName":"Divya","lastName":"Mudappa","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Nature Conservation Foundation","address":[],"city":"Mysore","province":"Karnataka","country":"IN","postalCode":"570017","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-06-09T13:10:21.391+00:00","modified":"2026-06-09T13:10:21.391+00:00"}],"endpoints":[{"key":1294777,"type":"DWC_ARCHIVE","url":"https://cloud.gbif.org/asia/archive.do?r=ncf-bvu-arp-frogs","createdBy":"038a1133-81e2-42e8-a4dd-b5ac246eb082","modifiedBy":"038a1133-81e2-42e8-a4dd-b5ac246eb082","created":"2026-06-09T13:09:20.964+00:00","modified":"2026-06-09T13:09:20.964+00:00","machineTags":[]},{"key":1294776,"type":"EML","url":"https://cloud.gbif.org/asia/eml.do?r=ncf-bvu-arp-frogs","createdBy":"038a1133-81e2-42e8-a4dd-b5ac246eb082","modifiedBy":"038a1133-81e2-42e8-a4dd-b5ac246eb082","created":"2026-06-09T13:09:20.920+00:00","modified":"2026-06-09T13:09:20.920+00:00","machineTags":[]}],"machineTags":[{"key":33141729,"namespace":"crawler.gbif.org","name":"crawl_attempt","value":"15","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-10-12T01:41:00.770+00:00"}],"tags":[],"identifiers":[],"comments":[],"bibliographicCitations":[{"text":"Karthick, V. 2019. Impact of rainforest fragmentation on anuran diversity: a study in Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats. MSc dissertation, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune.","citationProvidedBySource":false}],"curatorialUnits":[],"taxonomicCoverages":[{"description":"The dataset includes anuran species abundance records (Order: Anura, Class: Amphibia) from the mid-elevation tropical wet-evergreen forests of the Western Ghats, India. Records span 33 species from 8 families: Bufonidae, Dicroglossidae, Micrixalidae, Microhylidae, Nyctibatrachidae, Ranidae, Ranixalidae, and Rhacophoridae.","coverages":[{"scientificName":"Anura","commonName":"Frogs and Toads","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Bufonidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Dicroglossidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Micrixalidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Microhylidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Nyctibatrachidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Ranidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Ranixalidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Rhacophoridae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}}]}],"geographicCoverages":[{"description":"Rainforest fragments within the Valparai Plateau and adjoining Anamalai Tiger Reserve (10°15′36″N–10°22′48″N, 76°52′12″E–77°01′12″E), Tamil Nadu, India. Altitude: 700–1400 m asl. The plateau is surrounded by Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, Vazhachal Reserve Forest, and Eravikulam National Park (Kerala). The natural vegetation is classified as mid-elevation tropical wet-evergreen forest (Cullenia exarillata–Mesua ferrea–Palaquium ellipticum type). The rainforest fragments are interspersed within a matrix of tea, coffee, cardamom, and eucalyptus plantations.","boundingBox":{"minLatitude":10.273955,"maxLatitude":10.39528,"minLongitude":76.83391,"maxLongitude":77.001215,"globalCoverage":false}}],"temporalCoverages":[{"@type":"range","start":"2018-06-20T00:00:00.000+00:00","end":"2018-09-22T00:00:00.000+00:00"}],"keywordCollections":[{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml","keywords":["samplingEvent","occurrence"]},{"thesaurus":"n/a","keywords":["anuran diversity","species distribution","abundance","anurans","plantations","species richness","rainforest fragments","tropical forests","Valparai Plateau","Western Ghats","Anamalai Hills","amphibians","habitat fragmentation"]},{"thesaurus":"IRIS Keyword Thesaurus: http://cooper.library.uiuc.edu/iris/docs/keyword_thesaurus.pdf","keywords":["species distribution","tropical forests","anurans","plantations","amphibians"]},{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml","keywords":["Observation"]}],"project":{"title":"Tropical Rainforest Research and Ecological Restoration in the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India","identifier":"ncf-arrp","contacts":[{"type":"AUTHOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-3955"],"firstName":"Vijay","lastName":"Karthick","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826"],"firstName":"Divya","lastName":"Mudappa","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]},{"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953"],"firstName":"T. R. Shankar","lastName":"Raman","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[]}],"funding":"Various.","awards":[],"relatedProjects":[],"abstract":"Research and conservation programme focusing on the biologically diverse tropical rainforests of the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, including studies on the impact of habitat fragmentation on wildlife.\n\nStudy area: The Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR), Tamil Nadu, India (core zone: 958 km², 10°15′N, 76°49′E – 10°35′N, 77°24′E) is a protected area in the Western Ghats. The adjoining Valparai Plateau (~220 km²) in the Anamalai Hills is a landscape dominated by tea, coffee, cardamom, and eucalyptus plantations with embedded rainforest fragments."},"samplingDescription":{"studyExtent":"The study was carried out within the Valparai Plateau (10°15′36″N–10°22′48″N, 76°52′12″E–77°01′12″E; ~220 km²; altitude 700–1400 m asl) and the adjoining Anamalai Tiger Reserve (ATR; core zone ~958 km²), Tamil Nadu, India. Thirteen sites were surveyed: 10 rainforest fragments within the plantation landscape classified into small, medium, and large size classes, and 3 control sites within the ATR. All sites fall within an altitude range of 700–1400 m asl representing mid-elevation tropical wet-evergreen forest. Mean annual rainfall is approximately 3500 mm, predominantly during the south-west monsoon.","sampling":"Frogs were sampled using belt transects (25 m x 4 m) in two habitat strata — terrestrial rainforest interior and stream — at each site. All surveys were conducted by two observers between 18:30 hrs and midnight. Individual counts and species identifications were recorded for all anurans detected within the transect boundaries.","qualityControl":"Species were identified in the field using identification keys and morphological details, verified through photographs taken in the field. Uncertain identifications were confirmed with a subject expert (Dr. Harikrishnan S). Systematics follow Frost (2026): Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.2. American Museum of Natural History, New York. https://doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001","methodSteps":["Field data from belt transects (25 m x 4 m) were recorded by two observers at each site between 18:30 hrs and midnight during the south-west monsoon season (June–September 2018). Transects were placed in two habitat strata: terrestrial rainforest interior and stream. Data from individual fragment sites were compiled and pooled into their respective size classifications (small, medium, large, control). Survey effort per transect ranged from 35 to 60 minutes."]},"countryCoverage":[],"collections":[],"dataDescriptions":[],"dataLanguage":"eng","pubDate":"2026-06-09T00:00:00.000+00:00","maintenanceUpdateFrequency":"AS_NEEDED","maintenanceDescription":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","dwca":{"coreType":"http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Occurrence","extensions":[],"modified":"2026-07-12T06:00:38.768+00:00"},"approximateCounts":{"occurrenceCount":143}}