This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Hartmann, Caroline, Wingert, Juliana M., Angrizani, Rafael C., Malabarba, Luiz R. (2026): An unexpected discovery of a new species of Jenynsia (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae). Neotropical Ichthyology (e 250128) 24 (1): 3773-3803, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2025-0128, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2025-0128
Specimens referred to Jenynsia (Plesiojenynsia) unitaenia from the Tramandaí-Mampituba ecoregion were genetically compared in order to obtain their phylogeographic relationships. Molecular analysis estimated that populations from rio Mampituba and rio Araranguá diverged from rio Maquiné and rio Três Forquilhas populations during the Pleistocene (about 1.2 million years ago). Further, morphological analysis allowed the diagnosis of these two lineages based on the color pattern, as is common among the species of the subgenus Plesiojenynsia. Thus they are referred to as separate species: Jenynsia unitaenia restricted to the rio Araranguá and rio Mampituba, and a new species from rio Maquiné and rio Três Forquilhas. The pattern of historical relationships of these species of Jenynsia among Tramandaí-Mampituba ecoregion drainages differs from those described for other endemic fish taxa.
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