{"key":"ff75b6b6-e39e-48ea-baf1-9c86fd08b07a","installationKey":"d371dfc3-ef14-48b5-97f8-1de9d3f9f874","publishingOrganizationKey":"750a8724-fa66-4c27-b645-bd58ac5ee010","doi":"10.15468/d347ck","external":false,"numConstituents":0,"type":"OCCURRENCE","subtype":"SPECIMEN","shortName":"Midwest_USA_Plecoptera","title":"Stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) of the Midwest, USA: A Species Occurrence Dataset Compiled over Nearly 170 Years","description":"\n            The Midwest, USA (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin) hosts 158 species of stoneflies from 41 genera and 9 families. The identity of the specimens has been confirmed through direct examination of specimens found in natural history museums, amassed from 30 years of contemporary collection efforts, and the review of trusted, peer-reviewed literature. This dataset represents a broad temporal span, from the first archived collections of stoneflies from the region in 1860 to the most recent collection efforts culminating in 2025.\n\nThis dataset contains 92 columns and 49,058 rows. Each row is representative of an observation of a specific lifestage and sex of an individual species recorded at a single location and time. Each row has been assigned a 36-character Globally Unique Identifier (GUID). A total of 40,538 distinct collection series, including all individuals across lifestages, cast exuvia, and sexes of a species by preservation style (ethanol vials or pinned specimens) from a collecting event, are identified with unique institution-assigned catalog numbers when available. Each column has been mapped to Darwin Core Archive terminology with the exception of project-specific columns, which are indicated by the prefix "MID_". Multiple values within observation data are indicated by a space-vertical bar-space, " | ". Within this dataset, 48,698 occurrence records have been associated with coordinate pair data and georeferenced to the highest precision allowable by the locality label metadata associated with the specimen. Georeferencing for the majority of records will place the location within a USGS HUC12 drainage.\n        ","language":"eng","citation":{"text":"Hogan P, DeWalt R, Grubbs S, Yoder M (2026). Stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera) of the Midwest, USA: A Species Occurrence Dataset Compiled over Nearly 170 Years. Biodiversity Data Journal. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/d347ck accessed via GBIF.org on 2026-10-11.","citationProvidedBySource":false},"contactsCitation":[{"key":7027935,"abbreviatedName":"Hogan P","firstName":"Phillip","lastName":"Hogan","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sJeB90UAAAAJ&hl=en","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6546-272X"]},{"key":7027936,"abbreviatedName":"DeWalt R","firstName":"Ralph","lastName":"DeWalt","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-9250","http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=awpO5QkAAAAJ&hl=en"]},{"key":7027937,"abbreviatedName":"Grubbs S","firstName":"Scott","lastName":"Grubbs","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-9716","http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=UPguuVUAAAAJ"]},{"key":7027938,"abbreviatedName":"Yoder M","firstName":"Matthew","lastName":"Yoder","roles":["ORIGINATOR"],"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-5491"]}],"lockedForAutoUpdate":false,"createdBy":"750a8724-fa66-4c27-b645-bd58ac5ee010","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-05-28T12:20:24.560+00:00","modified":"2026-05-28T12:21:26.627+00:00","contacts":[{"key":7027935,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":true,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6546-272X","http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=sJeB90UAAAAJ&hl=en"],"firstName":"Phillip","lastName":"Hogan","position":[],"email":["pnhogan2@illinois.edu"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign","address":[],"city":"Urbana","province":"Illinois","country":"US","postalCode":"61801","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-05-28T12:21:26.602+00:00","modified":"2026-05-28T12:21:26.602+00:00"},{"key":7027936,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-9250","http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=awpO5QkAAAAJ&hl=en"],"firstName":"Ralph","lastName":"DeWalt","position":[],"email":["dewalt@illinois.edu"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Illinois Natural History Survey","address":[],"city":"Champaign","province":"Illinois","country":"US","postalCode":"61820","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-05-28T12:21:26.604+00:00","modified":"2026-05-28T12:21:26.604+00:00"},{"key":7027937,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-9716","http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=UPguuVUAAAAJ"],"firstName":"Scott","lastName":"Grubbs","position":[],"email":["scott.grubbs@wku.edu"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Western Kentucky University","address":[],"city":"Bowling Green","province":"Kentucky","country":"US","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-05-28T12:21:26.606+00:00","modified":"2026-05-28T12:21:26.606+00:00"},{"key":7027938,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-5491"],"firstName":"Matthew","lastName":"Yoder","position":[],"email":["mjyoder@illinois.edu"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Illinois Natural History Survey","address":[],"city":"Champaign","province":"Illinois","country":"US","postalCode":"61820","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-05-28T12:21:26.607+00:00","modified":"2026-05-28T12:21:26.607+00:00"},{"key":7027939,"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":true,"userId":[],"firstName":"Phillip","lastName":"Hogan","position":[],"email":["pnhogan2@illinois.edu"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign","address":[],"createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-05-28T12:21:26.608+00:00","modified":"2026-05-28T12:21:26.608+00:00"}],"endpoints":[{"key":1291774,"type":"DWC_ARCHIVE","url":"https://ipt.pensoft.net/archive.do?r=midwestern_usa_plecoptera","createdBy":"750a8724-fa66-4c27-b645-bd58ac5ee010","modifiedBy":"750a8724-fa66-4c27-b645-bd58ac5ee010","created":"2026-05-28T12:20:24.771+00:00","modified":"2026-05-28T12:20:24.771+00:00","machineTags":[]},{"key":1291773,"type":"EML","url":"https://ipt.pensoft.net/eml.do?r=midwestern_usa_plecoptera","createdBy":"750a8724-fa66-4c27-b645-bd58ac5ee010","modifiedBy":"750a8724-fa66-4c27-b645-bd58ac5ee010","created":"2026-05-28T12:20:24.744+00:00","modified":"2026-05-28T12:20:24.744+00:00","machineTags":[]}],"machineTags":[{"key":33013507,"namespace":"crawler.gbif.org","name":"crawl_attempt","value":"15","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-10-05T01:02:09.090+00:00"}],"tags":[],"identifiers":[{"key":468494,"type":"URL","identifier":"https://ipt.pensoft.net/resource?r=midwestern_usa_plecoptera","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-05-28T12:21:26.609+00:00","primary":false}],"comments":[],"bibliographicCitations":[{"text":"DeWalt RE, Hopkins H, Neu-Becker U, and Stueber G. Plecoptera Species File. Retrieved on 2026-02-25 at https://plecoptera.speciesfile.org/","citationProvidedBySource":false}],"curatorialUnits":[],"taxonomicCoverages":[{"description":"N/A","coverages":[{"scientificName":"Perlidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Arthropoda","rank":{"verbatim":"phylum","interpreted":"PHYLUM"}},{"scientificName":"Leuctridae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Chloroperlidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Peltoperlidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Insecta","rank":{"verbatim":"class","interpreted":"CLASS"}},{"scientificName":"Perlodidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Plecoptera","rank":{"verbatim":"order","interpreted":"ORDER"}},{"scientificName":"Taeniopterygidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Pteronarcyidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Capniidae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Nemouridae","rank":{"verbatim":"family","interpreted":"FAMILY"}},{"scientificName":"Animalia","rank":{"verbatim":"kingdom","interpreted":"KINGDOM"}}]}],"geographicCoverages":[{"description":"This dataset includes records from the following states: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Completeness of sampling is diminished in western Iowa and Minnesota.","boundingBox":{"minLatitude":36.98787,"maxLatitude":48.77548,"minLongitude":-96.93735,"maxLongitude":-80.5283,"globalCoverage":false}}],"temporalCoverages":[{"@type":"range","start":"1860-01-01T00:00:00.000+00:00","end":"2025-12-31T00:00:00.000+00:00"}],"keywordCollections":[{"thesaurus":"n/a","keywords":["Faunistics","Species Richness","Landscape","Aquatic Insects","Occurrence"]},{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml","keywords":["Occurrence"]},{"thesaurus":"GBIF Dataset Subtype Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_subtype.xml","keywords":["Specimen"]}],"samplingDescription":{"studyExtent":"United States of America: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin.","sampling":"These data were compiled through the review of specimens archived in natural history museums, contemporary collecting efforts, and relevant published literature records.","qualityControl":"Specimens were reviewed by taxonomic experts. Records for which species-level determinations could not be reliably assigned were instead given higher taxonomic determinations (e.g., genus, family, etc.) as appropriate to prevent the inclusion of dubious data. Directed contemporary collecting efforts also occurred, targeting specific species to confirm presence from subregions.","methodSteps":["Field Methods:\nMuseum specimens were collected using various methods not generally accounted for on label data. Contemporary immature specimens collected by PNH and RED included dipnets, kick seines, Surber-samplers, or handpicking from various substrates. Nymphs were often collected for rearing to obtain adults. Adult sample methods varied by season and species. In winter months, beating sheets yielded adults from trees or dry leaf packs. Handpicking from bridge abutments, trees, and rocks were also used. Spring and summer sampling used beating sheets, sweep nets, and ultraviolet or mercury vapor light traps to target nocturnally active species. Field preservation was in 75 to 95% EtOH, depending upon objectives.","Laboratory Methods:\nSpecimen preservation is dependent upon regional institution standards, but most commonly included storing specimens within vials filled with 70-95% ethanol for both adults and immature specimens. A less common approach involved pinning adult specimens. Pinned specimens are often more prevalent in older collections, and special attention was required for species determinations. When dissections were attempted, the removed terminalia was stored in a genitalia capsule with the associated adult.","Record Compilation and Standardization:\nOccurrence data are presence-only. They were compiled over the course of the past three decades into a Filemaker Pro or a TaxonWorks (https://docs.taxonworks.org) dataset. Data were standardized to a Darwin Core Archive occurrence dataset extension (https://dwc.tdwg.org/list/#dwc_Occurrence). Geographic coordinates for most museum data were georeferenced using Acme Mapper 2.2 to the highest resolution allowed using the locality label. Geographic uncertainty in georeferencing was indicated with a radius in meters around the coordinate pair data. Taxon names were validated using Plecoptera.speciesfile.org (DeWalt et al., 2026). Specimen occurrence records were cleaned, organized and standardized using Microsoft Excel (Version 2601), RStudio (Version 4.3.0), and OpenRefine (Version 3.7.2)."]},"countryCoverage":[],"collections":[{"name":"Illinois Natural History Survey Insect Collection, Champaign, Illinois","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Academy of Natural Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Bill P. Stark Collection","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Crane Hollow Nature Preserve Collection, Rockbridge, Ohio","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Ontario","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Cincinnati Natural History Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Fort Collins, Colorado","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"University of Guelph Insect Collection, Ontario","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Iowa State University Insect Collection, Ames, Iowa","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Michigan State University Arthropod Research Collection, East Lansing, Michigan","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Notre Dame University Insect Collection, South Bend, Indiana","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Columbus, Ohio","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Ohio History Connection, Columbus, Ohio","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"C.A. Triplehorn Insect Collection, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Purdue University Entomological Research Collection, West Lafayette, Indiana","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Phillip N. Hogan Collection","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"R.F. Kirchner Collection","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale Insect Collection","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Stanley W. Szczytko Collection","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"University of Iowa Hygienics Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"University of Minnesota St. Paul, St. Paul, Minnesota","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"University of Wisconsin Insect Research Collection, Madison, Wisconsin","curatorialUnits":[]},{"name":"Western Kentucky University Collection, Bowling Green, Kentucky","curatorialUnits":[]}],"dataDescriptions":[],"dataLanguage":"eng","pubDate":"2026-05-27T00:00:00.000+00:00","maintenanceUpdateFrequency":"CONTINUALLY","maintenanceDescription":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode","dwca":{"coreType":"http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Occurrence","extensions":[],"modified":"2026-05-28T12:21:26.535+00:00"},"approximateCounts":{"occurrenceCount":49058}}