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Abstract Mires are characterised by highly specialised and threatened wildlife. One of these mire specialists that has severely declined is the Large Heath (Coenonympha tullia). However, detailed studies concerning the reasons for the dramatic population loss in central Europe are missing so far. In this paper: (1) we analyse the habitat preferences of adult C. tullia and oviposition site selection with respect to mire type and land use in one of the last German strongholds, and (2) we attempt to disentangle the impacts of land use and climate change on the decline of C. tullia on a national scale across Germany. Abundance of adult C. tullia was clearly affected by mire type and land use. It was highest on managed calcareous fens and lowest on unmanaged transition and raised bogs. The oviposition pattern of C. tullia females was best explained by (1) quantity of potential host plants (Eriophorum latifolium), (2) vegetation structure, and (3) microclimate. In Germany, C. tullia populations have become extinct in lowlands with a mild and relatively dry climate while most colonies in wet and cold mountain areas have survived. However, there is evidence that habitat loss and habitat deterioration, rather than climate change, are the drivers of the range retraction. To create low-growing vegetation rich in E. latifolium, traditional mowing late in the year and light grazing seem to be suitable management tools. In addition, conservation management should aim to maintain high water levels or restore them, especially to counteract effects of climate change in the future.
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Abstract – River flow intermittence is a natural phenomenon intensified by human activities, such as water abstraction and the effects of climate change. A growing number of rivers are predicted to experience intermittent flows, which may impact the diversity and abundance of freshwater species. Dry riverbeds directly diminish the availability of habitats for freshwater organisms, and suitable environments can turn into ecological traps with reduced survival rates, posing a significant threat to population persistence. Even though fish movements can enable drought-affected populations to persist, little is known about individual fish movement between intermittent and perennial reaches. Here, we study the movement of individual PITtagged Italian riffle dace (Telestes muticellus) in an intermittent and perennial river reach before, during and after two severe drying events. A high proportion of fish from the intermittent reach survived the drying riverbed through directed upstream migration. This was manifested in fish living in the intermittent reach of the river displaying significantly higher linear ranges, and net travelled distances during the monitoring period than fish in the perennial reach, which remained resident with limited linear range and net distances travelled. This finding underscores the importance of conserving longitudinal river connectivity in the face of increased water scarcity and intermittent flow patterns.
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or opportunistic-how does the high mountain endemic butterfly Erebia nivalis survive in its extreme habitats?","description":"This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Ehl, Stefan, Dalstein, Vivian, Tull, Fabienne, Gros, Patrick, Schmitt, Thomas (2016): Specialized or opportunistic-how does the high mountain endemic butterfly Erebia nivalis survive in its extreme habitats? Insect Science 25 (1): 161-171, DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12400, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12400
Abstract
High mountain ecosystems are a challenge for the survival of animal and plant species, which have to evolve specific adaptations to cope with the prevailing extreme conditions. The strategies to survive may reach from opportunistic to highly adapted traits. One species successfully surviving under these conditions is the here studied butterfly Erebia nivalis. In a mark-release-recapture study performed in the Hohe Tauern National Park (Austria) from 22 July to 26 August 2013, we marked 1386 individuals and recaptured 342 of these. For each capture event, we recorded the exact point of capture and various other traits (wing conditions, behaviour, nectar sources). The population showed a partial protandrous demography with the minority of males emerging prior to the females, but the majority being synchronised with them. Males and females differed significantly in their behaviour with males being more flight active and females nectaring and resting more. Both sexes showed preferences for the same plant species as nectar sources, but this specialisation apparently is the result of a rapid individual adaptation to the locally available flowers. Estimates of the realised dispersal distances predicted a comparatively high amount of long-distance flights, especially for females. Therefore, the adaptation of Erebia nivalis to the unpredictable high mountain conditions might be a mixture of opportunism and specialised traits.
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PLoS ONE 6 (8), No. e 23879: 1-6, DOI: 0.1371/journal.pone.0023879
Abstract
In order to understand and protect ecosystems, local gene pools need to be evaluated with respect to their uniqueness. Cryptic species present a challenge in this context because their presence, if unrecognized, may lead to serious misjudgement of the distribution of evolutionarily distinct genetic entities. In this study, we describe the current geographical distribution of cryptic species of the ecologically important stream amphipod Gammarus fossarum (types A, B and C). We use a novel pyrosequencing assay for molecular species identification and survey 62 populations in Switzerland, plus several populations in Germany and eastern France. In addition, we compile data from previous publications (mainly Germany). A clear transition is observed from type A in the east (Danube and Po drainages) to types B and, more rarely, C in the west (Meuse, Rhone, and four smaller French river systems). Within the Rhine drainage, the cryptic species meet in a contact zone which spans the entire G. fossarum distribution range from north to south. This large-scale geographical sorting indicates that types A and B persisted in separate refugia during Pleistocene glaciations. Within the contact zone, the species rarely co-occur at the same site, suggesting that ecological processes may preclude long-term coexistence. The clear phylogeographical signal observed in this study implies that, in many parts of Europe, only one of the cryptic species is present.
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Abstract
Contributions to the knowledge of Sciarid flies of Taiwan. Part I: Genus Scatopsciara EDWARDS, 1927 (Diptera Nematocera: Sciaridae). - Six new Scatopsciara-species are described from Taiwan: Scatopsciara (s. str.) amplituda sp. nov., Scatopsciara (s. str.) glorificata sp. nov., Scatopsciara (s. str.) necopinata sp. nov;, Scatopsciara (s. str.) philosopha sp. nov., Scatopsciara (s. str.) suprema sp. nov. and Scatopsciara {Xenopygina) dispositata sp. nov. Illustrations of the most important morphological characters and a discussion of the systematic position is given for each species. Three well known Palaearctic species are recorded from Taiwan for the first time: Scatopsciara (s. str.) aberrantia MOHRIG & MAMAEV, 1983, Scatopsciara (s. str.) atomaria (ZETTERSTEDT, 1851) and Scatopsciara (s. str.) postgeophila MOHRIG & MENZEL, 1992. A detailed redescription of Scatopsciara aberrantia is given and a new species-group within the subgenus Scatopsciara (s. str.) is founded on the character of the clearly toothed tarsal claws. In addition a revised check-list for the Sciarid fauna of Taiwan is compiled which reflects the current state of knowledge.
Zusammenfassung
Sechs neue Scatopsciara- Arten werden aus Taiwan beschrieben: Scatopsciara (s. str.) amplituda sp. nov., Scatopsciara (s. str.) glorificata sp. nov., Scatopsciara (s. str.) necopinata sp. nov., Scatopsciara (s. str.) philosopha sp. nov., Scatopsciara (s. str.) suprema sp. nov. und Scatopsciara (Xenopygina) dispositata sp. nov. Die wichtigsten morphologischen Merkmale werden abgebildet, und die systematische Stellung der einzelnen Arten wird diskutiert. Drei bekannte paläarktische Arten werden zum ersten Mal für die Fauna Taiwans nachgewiesen: Scatopsciara (s. str.) a b e r r a n t i MOH a RIG & MAMAEV, 1983, Scatopsciara (s. str.) atomaria (Z E T T E R S T E D T, 1851) und Scatopsciara (s. str.) postgeophila MOHRIG & MENZEL, 1992. Scatopsciara a b e r r a n t i a wird ergänzendbeschrieben und abgebildet. A u f der Grundlage des Merkmals der deutlich gezähnten Tarsalklauen wird eine neue ArtenGruppe für das Subgenus Scatopsciara (s. str.) begründet. Eine revidierte Checkliste für die Sciaridenfauna Taiwans, die den gegenwärtigen Kenntnisstand repräsentiert, w i r d vorgestellt.
Einleitung
Der aktuelle Kenntnisstand über die Trauermückenfauna Taiwans ist zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt noch sehr lückenhaft. Als deutlicher Beleg hierfür muss gelten, dass sich nach einer kritischenÜberarbeitungder TaiwanCheckliste vonLIN & C H E N (1999) unter besondererBerücksichtigung der Revisionsarbeiten vonM O H R I G & M E N Z E L (1991, 1999) nur ein zur Zeit gültiger Bestand von insgesamt 20 gesicherten Sciaridenarten ergibt (siehe Anhang). Für eine Vielzahl sowohl in der Orientalis als auch der Ostpaläarktis artenreich verbreiteter Gattungen, wie z.B. Camptochaeta, Corynoptera, Cratyna oder Trichosia, liegen aus Taiwan bisher keinerlei Artnachweise vor. Dies gilt ebenso für die Gattung Scatopsciara EDWARDS, 1927, von der in diesem Beitragsechs neue Arten für die Faunenregion der Orientalis beschrieben werden. Desweiteren können drei weitere Scatopsciara Arten zum ersten Mal für die Sciaridenfauna Taiwans nachgewiesen werden.
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ABSTRACT
This study contributes to the understanding of Physciaceae Zahlbr. lichens in Pakistan by analyzing specimens collected from various regions of Gilgit-Baltistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. As a result of this investigation, Kudratovia pakistanica U.F. Ahmad, Afshan & Khalid, sp. nov., is described here as a new species, while Anaptychia crinalis (Schleich.) Vězda ex J. Nowak and A. roemerioides Hollinger, Noell & S.D. Leav. are reported as new records for Pakistan. Kudratovia pakistanica U.F. Ahmad, Afshan & Khalid, sp. nov., is morphologically similar to the closely related K. luridata but is characterized by its thick, indeterminate thallus, plane to concave apothecial discs, a thick hypothecium forming a stipe in mature apothecia (up to 200 µm deep), larger asci (68-92 × 12-24 µm), and larger ascospores (16-19 × 10-12 µm). Furthermore, recent collections – corroborated by detailed morphological examination, molecular data, and evaluation of prior taxonomic literature – confirm Anaptychia setifera (Mereschk.) Räsänen as the currently accepted name for A. kaspica Gyeln., thereby clarifying its taxonomic status and contributing to a better understanding of its distribution within the country. A detailed taxonomic treatment, including morphological descriptions and molecular phylogenetic analysis, is provided to support these findings.
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pilosella Corriol & Jargeat, sp. nov., a new foliicolous marasmioid Basidiomycota from the French Pyrenees and position of the neotropical Gloiocephala spathularia Singer","description":"This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Corriol, Gilles, Jargeat, Patricia (2026): Gloiocephala pilosella Corriol & Jargeat, sp. nov., a new foliicolous marasmioid Basidiomycota from the French Pyrenees and position of the neotropical Gloiocephala spathularia Singer. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 47 (6): 71-83, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2026v47a6, URL: https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2026v47a6
ABSTRACT
Gloiocephala pilosella Corriol & Jargeat, sp. nov., a new marasmioid species within the Physalacriaceae Corner, is described based on anatomical and molecular analyses. Morphologically similar marasmioid species of the families Physalacriaceae and Marasmiaceae Roze ex Kühner are compared. Within the polyphyletic genus Gloiocephala Massee, none of the documented or molecularly related species express close morphological similarity to Gloiocephala pilosella. This new species is distinguished by its pileipellis and stipitipellis featuring long sclerified hairs, comparatively smaller spores, and capitate hymenial cystidia. Additionally, Gloiocephala spathularia Singer is briefly described and illustrated with a colour photograph based on an Amazonian collection. The LSU sequence of this collection suggests its exclusion from the genus Gloiocephala. The boundaries between Gloiocephala and related genera are discussed, and the new combination of the last into the genus Physalacria Peck is introduced.
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Résumé. La spécialisation alimentaire pour le pollen est assez commune chez les abeilles solitaires (i.e. oligolectisme). Elle est par contre très rare chez les espèces sociales car les ouvrières doivent exploiter une grande variété de ressources pour suppléer aux besoins de la colonie tout au cours de sa relativement longue phénologie. Chez les bourdons, seulement trois cas d’oligolectisme sont recensés dans la littérature, Bombus gerstaeckeri MORAWITZ 1882, B. consobrinus DAHLBOM 1832 et B. brodmannicus VOGT 1909. Malgré la particularité de ce comportement, peu de données de terrain et palynologiques étayent l’hypothèse d’une spécialisation alimentaire chez ces trois espèces et ce, plus particulièrement pour B. brodmannicus. Cet article présente des observations de terrain ainsique lesrésultats des analyses des pelotes de pollen récupérées sur des ouvrières de B. brodmannicus delmasi. Ces spécimens on été échantillonnés en mai 2011 dans les Alpes Occidentales dans le cadre d’une étude phylogéographique comparative visant à étudier l’impact de la spécialisation alimentaire chez plusieurs espèces d’abeilles.
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Abstract Birds with atypical colours in their plumage are not uncommon however, the potential causes of such aberrations have not been widely examined. Aberrant brownish-rufous phaeomelanin is one type of plumage colour that has been recorded in numerous bird species, including those which essentially contain only eumelanin (black) pigments, including several European woodpeckers. A Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocoptes medius with aberrant phaeomelanised plumage observed in the Bükk Hills, Hungary, is detailed here and an evaluation of the possible nature of this form of plumage discussed.
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Abstract. The author, who stayed in the Parc Naturel Régional du ǫueyras (France) between the 9 th and the 17 th August 2007, noted the presence of more than twenty species of bumblebees. This paper deals with the most interesting observations about Bombus gerstaeckeri MORAWITZ, B. inexspectatus (TKALCU), B. brodmannicus VOGT and the copulation of B. mendax GERSTAECKER.
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ABSTRACT
The taxonomic status of the genus Diobelonella Ochyra (Aongstroemiaceae) is reviewed here. This genus was not previously known to occur in India, hence this is a new contribution. An Indo-pacific species Diobelonella rotundata (Broth.) Schäf.-Verw., Gerh.Winter & K.Y.Yao is reported here for the first time from India. The taxonomic status of Dicranella mollicula (Mitt.) A.Jaeger [synonym of Anisothecium molliculum (Mitt.) Broth.] is evaluated, revealing a close affinity with Diobelonella. Consequently, a new combination is proposed. Detailed taxonomic descriptions, illustrations and color plates of both the species are provided for their easier identification.
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Cryptogamie, Bryologie 47 (10): 147-155, DOI: 10.5252/cryptogamie-bryologie2026v47a10, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/04dacf2f-c10c-3dbc-bce5-a91824b7b9f6/","citationProvidedBySource":false},"contactsCitation":[],"lockedForAutoUpdate":false,"createdBy":"plazi","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-10-14T20:03:20.173+00:00","modified":"2026-10-14T20:04:21.370+00:00","contacts":[{"key":7647086,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":true,"userId":[],"firstName":"Manchi","lastName":"Jandial","position":[],"email":["manchijandial@gmail.com"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[],"createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-10-14T20:04:21.334+00:00","modified":"2026-10-14T20:04:21.334+00:00"},{"key":7647087,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Darshan","lastName":"Shukla","position":[],"email":["shridarshan.shukla@gmail.com"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[],"createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-10-14T20:04:21.337+00:00","modified":"2026-10-14T20:04:21.337+00:00"},{"key":7647088,"type":"ORIGINATOR","primary":false,"userId":[],"firstName":"Sushil Kumar","lastName":"Singh","position":[],"email":["sksbsinc@rediffmail.com"],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"address":[],"createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-10-14T20:04:21.338+00:00","modified":"2026-10-14T20:04:21.338+00:00"},{"key":7647089,"type":"ADMINISTRATIVE_POINT_OF_CONTACT","primary":true,"userId":[],"firstName":"Guido","lastName":"Sautter","position":[],"email":["gsautter@gmail.com"],"phone":[],"homepage":["http://plazi.org"],"address":[],"createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-10-14T20:04:21.339+00:00","modified":"2026-10-14T20:04:21.339+00:00"},{"key":7647090,"type":"PUBLISHER","primary":false,"userId":[],"position":[],"email":["info@plazi.org"],"phone":[],"homepage":["https://plazi.org/"],"organization":"Plazi","address":[],"city":"Bern","country":"CH","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-10-14T20:04:21.341+00:00","modified":"2026-10-14T20:04:21.341+00:00"},{"key":7647091,"type":"METADATA_AUTHOR","primary":true,"userId":[],"lastName":"felipe","position":[],"email":[],"phone":[],"homepage":[],"organization":"Plazi","address":[],"createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","modifiedBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-10-14T20:04:21.342+00:00","modified":"2026-10-14T20:04:21.342+00:00"}],"endpoints":[{"key":1330835,"type":"COLDP","url":"https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/colDp/FFCCFF8E530A2868FFF75D2AFFC0FFB9.zip","createdBy":"plazi","modifiedBy":"plazi","created":"2026-10-14T20:18:32.937+00:00","modified":"2026-10-14T20:18:32.937+00:00","machineTags":[]},{"key":1330834,"type":"DWC_ARCHIVE","url":"https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/dwca/FFCCFF8E530A2868FFF75D2AFFC0FFB9.zip","createdBy":"plazi","modifiedBy":"plazi","created":"2026-10-14T20:03:20.481+00:00","modified":"2026-10-14T20:03:20.481+00:00","machineTags":[]}],"machineTags":[{"key":33230994,"namespace":"crawler.gbif.org","name":"crawl_attempt","value":"1","createdBy":"crawler.gbif.org","created":"2026-10-14T20:04:20.770+00:00"}],"tags":[],"identifiers":[{"key":489380,"type":"CLB_DATASET_KEY","identifier":"316596","createdBy":"clb-bot","created":"2026-10-14T20:03:35.618+00:00","primary":false},{"key":489379,"type":"UUID","identifier":"FFCCFF8E530A2868FFF75D2AFFC0FFB9","createdBy":"plazi","created":"2026-10-14T20:03:20.371+00:00","primary":false}],"comments":[],"bibliographicCitations":[],"curatorialUnits":[],"taxonomicCoverages":[],"geographicCoverages":[],"temporalCoverages":[],"keywordCollections":[],"countryCoverage":[],"collections":[],"dataDescriptions":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode","dwca":{"coreType":"http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Taxon","extensions":["http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/Occurrence","http://eol.org/schema/media/Document","http://rs.gbif.org/terms/1.0/Description","http://eol.org/schema/reference/Reference"],"modified":"2026-10-14T20:04:21.285+00:00"}},{"key":"ac5bc194-002c-4804-8338-308286026b9c","installationKey":"7ce8aef1-9e92-11dc-8740-b8a03c50a999","publishingOrganizationKey":"7ce8aef0-9e92-11dc-8738-b8a03c50a862","networkKeys":[],"doi":"10.15468/d7fqea","external":false,"numConstituents":0,"type":"CHECKLIST","title":"Phylogeny of Verrucosporaceae (Basidiomycota, Agaricales): taxonomic novelties in Cystolepiota and Lepiota from China","description":"This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Zhou, Xian-Yan, Bau, Tolgor (2026): Phylogeny of Verrucosporaceae (Basidiomycota, Agaricales): taxonomic novelties in Cystolepiota and Lepiota from China. IMA Fungus 17: e 207486, DOI: 10.3897/imafungus.17.207486
Abstract
The family Verrucosporaceae, a recently resurrected lepiotoid fungal lineage, has historically been subject to unstable generic delimitations and polyphyletic infrageneric classifications. To resolve these taxonomic ambiguities, we conducted comprehensive morphological examinations and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (nrITS, nrLSU, rpb 2, and tef 1 - α) based on extensive specimen sampling across China. Our results strongly support the monophyly of Verrucosporaceae and clarify the evolutionary boundaries among its core genera, including Cystolepiota, Echinoderma, Lepiota, Pulverolepiota, and Smithiomyces. Within Lepiota, seven formally defined sections and four unplaced distinct clades were recovered. A novel subsection, Lepiota sect. Eriophorae subsect. Pseudocystolepiotae, is proposed to accommodate an evolutionary transitional lineage between Cystolepiota and Lepiota sect. Eriophorae. Based on an integrative taxonomic approach, we describe 17 species new to science, introduce three new combinations, and reinstate Lepiota squamulosa. Furthermore, micromorphological observations indicate that the microstructure of the pileus and stipe coverings shares structural homology, reinforcing its reliability as a criterion for infrageneric delimitation. Ultimately, this study expands the current understanding of cryptic diversity within Verrucosporaceae in China and provides useful morphological and phylogenetic data for future evolutionary studies on lepiotaceous fungi.
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Abstract The genus Camptochaeta from China is reviewed and seven species are recognized. C. tumidula Xu & Vilkamaa, sp. nov. is newly described and three species, C. bournei (Shaw, 1941), C. consimilis (Holmgren, 1869) and C. subcamptochaeta (Mohrig, 1992) are reported for the first time from China. A key and a distribution map of the Chinese species of Camptochaeta are provided.
Key words
Diptera, Sciaridae, new species, new record, China.
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of the genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) in Korea, with an updated checklist of the World species","description":"This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Shin, Seunggwan, Menzel, Frank, Lee, Heungsik, Lee, Seunghwan (2014): Review of the genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) in Korea, with an updated checklist of the World species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 17 (3): 561-567, DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2014.05.004, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2014.05.004
A B S T R A C T
The taxonomy of Zygoneura Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Sciaridae) is studied. A total of three species of Zygoneura is found in Korea: Zygoneura (Zygoneura) sciarina Meigen, 1830, Zygoneura (Pharetratula) bidens (Mamaev, 1968), and Zygoneura (Pharetratula) fl avicornis (Mamaev, 1968). Z. bidens is recorded from Korea for the first time. All three species are redescribed and illustrated, and a key to the Korean species is given. Furthermore, an updated world checklist of all species of Zygoneura is presented.
© 2014 Korean Society of Applied Entomology, Taiwan Entomological Society and Malaysian Plant Protection Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Introduction
The genus Zygoneura Meigen, 1830 is one of the morphologically aberrant groups of the Sciaridae because of the widely curved fork of wing-vein M, a character which is shared with the genera Mapiria Edwards, 1934 [=Z ygomma Enderlein, 1911; preocc.] and Euricrium Enderlein, 1911. Zygoneura is recognizable by the following characters compared to two other genera: neck of flagellomeres long; gonostylus without tooth; posterior veins (M and Cu) of wings without macrotrichia; membrane color of wings uniform (without brown bands).
A total of 24 species in 3 subgenera have been recorded worldwide (Menzel, in preparation). According to the subgeneric classification of Menzel and Mohrig (2000), with additional species of Zhang et al. (2010), the subgenus (SG) Allozygoneura Menzel and Mohrig, 1998 contains two species; the SG Pharetratula Mamaev, 1968 contains seven species, and the Zygoneura s. str. contains five species. Additionally, ten species are treated as species incertae sedis.
The larvae of Zygoneura have been found to be phytophagous and xylophagous. Species of the SG Allozygoneura are plant miners, Z. (Allozygoneura) calthae Tuomikoski, 1960 larvae have been found to live in the petioles of Caltha palustris, Ranunculaceae (Tuomikoski, 1960), and Z. (Allozygoneura) petasitidis Sasakawa, 1997 larvae in the stems (just below the flower buds or peduncle) of Petasites japonicus, Asteraceae (Sasakawa, 1997). In contrast, the larvae of some species are xylophagous, especially those belonging to SG Pharetratula and Zygoneura s. str. (Menzel and Mohrig, 2000).
In this study, we record Zygoneura (Pharetratula) bidens (Mamaev, 1968) for the first time in Korea, collected at a shiitake farm. In connection with this, we record dead oak logs (used as a substrate for shiitake cultures) as a habitat of Z. bidens larvae, and this is an additional sciarid species collected from shiitake farms (Shin et al., 2012). Furthermore, we provide an identification key to the Korean species and an updated World checklist of Zygoneura species (Table 1).
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genera of Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China-Part 1: Genus Shiara Shah, Heller & Huang gen. nov.","description":"This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Shah, Bismillah, Li, Wenxin, Heller, Kai, Huang, Junhao (2026): New genera of Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China-Part 1: Genus Shiara Shah, Heller & Huang gen. nov. Zootaxa 5760 (2): 293-300, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5760.2.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5760.2.8
Abstract
A new, monotypic genus is presented for one species Shiara unica Shah, Heller & Huang gen. et sp. nov., which is genetically and morphologically very unique. Genetically it is distant form all currently known subfamilies and morphologically it combines characters of different clades, by having bottleneck shaped flagellomeres, an undifferentiated tibial organ and non-setose posterior wing veins. The male genitalia exhibit an unusual accumulation of large teeth at the aedeagal field. The eggs per female are only few in number, very large, and with a granulate chorion.
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J., Mittermeier, Russell A. (1983): Description of Phrynops williamsi, A New Species of Chelid Turtle of the South American P. geoffroanus Complex. In: Advances In Herpetology And Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology: 57-73, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.23195239
ABSTRACT. Phrynops williamsi, sp. nov., is a distinctive member of the P. geoffroanus complex (Pleurodira: Chelidae). The species is characterized by heavy black facial bands with a separate, thick, horseshoe-shaped band on the ventral surface of the neck, fine well-delineated radiating carapace reticulations, and no plastral markings. The skull differs markedly from other species of the P. geoffroanus complex and from most Phrynops in general. A wide parietal roof, lack of exoccipital contact above the foramen magnum, and widely divergent trochlear processes appear to be primitive features. Robust anterior maxillary triturating surfaces with lingual ridges and a shovel-shaped mandible adapted for bottom feeding appear to be unique derived characters. The species has a limited distribution in southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina) and adjacent Uruguay.
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