{"offset":0,"limit":20,"endOfRecords":false,"results":[{"key":463152446,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"child_taxa","language":"eng","description":"Subspecies:: Subspecies Natalus stramineus subsp. stramineus Gray 1838 Subspecies Natalus stramineus subsp. espiritosantensis Ruschi 1951 Subspecies Natalus stramineus subsp. mexicanus Miller 1902 Subspecies Natalus stramineus subsp. natalensis Goodwin 1959 Subspecies Natalus stramineus subsp. saturatus Dalquest and Hall 1949 Subspecies Natalus stramineus subsp. tronchonii Linares 1971","source":"Order Chiroptera - Family Natalidae","sourceTaxonKey":231538646},{"key":463152447,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"conservation","language":"eng","description":"Conservation: IUCN 2003 and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).","source":"Order Chiroptera - Family Natalidae","sourceTaxonKey":231538646},{"key":463152448,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"discussion","language":"eng","description":"Discussion: See Handley and Gardner (1990) for clarification of the holotype. For synonyms see Goodwin (1959 b) and Varona (1974). Includes espiritosantensis; see Pine and Ruschi (1976). Does not include major, jamaicensis, or primus; see Morgan (1989 b) and Morgan and Czaplewski (2003), but also see Linares (1971). Arroyo-Cabrales et al. (1997) reviewed genetic variation and possible relationships of populations of major and stramineus. Morphometrics and distribution within South America reviewed by Taddei and Uieda (2001); see Timm and Genoways (2003) for discussion of the Carbibbean form.","source":"Order Chiroptera - Family Natalidae","sourceTaxonKey":231538646},{"key":463152449,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"distribution","language":"eng","description":"Distribution: S Baja California, Nuevo León, and Sonora (Mexico) to N Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, C and E Brazil, Boliva; Lesser Antilles.","source":"Order Chiroptera - Family Natalidae","sourceTaxonKey":231538646},{"key":463152450,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"materials_examined","language":"eng","description":"Type Locality: Specified as unknown in the original description. Cabrera (1958) restricted the type locality to Lagoa Sanata, Minas Gerais, Brazil, but Goodwin (1959 b) disagreed. Based on measurements and cranial morphology, Goodwin (1959 b) concluded that the holotype was probably from Antigua, Lesser Antilles. Handley and Gardner (1990) subsequently confirmed the identity of the holotype and confirmed restriction of the type locality to Antigua.","source":"Order Chiroptera - Family Natalidae","sourceTaxonKey":231538646},{"key":463431319,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"discussion","language":"eng","description":"COMMENTS: Subgenus Natalus. For synonyms see Varona (1974: 32) and Goodwin (19596: 6). See Hoyt and Baker (1980, Mammalian Species, 130, including only the Greater Antillean subspecies). See Handley and Gardner (1990) for clarification of the holotype.","source":"Order Chiroptera","sourceTaxonKey":205128162},{"key":463431320,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"distribution","language":"eng","description":"DISTRIBUTION: S Baja California, Nuevo Leon, and Sonora (Mexico) to Brazil; Lesser Antilles; Hispaniola; Jamaica; Cuba (subfossil).","source":"Order Chiroptera","sourceTaxonKey":205128162},{"key":463431321,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"materials_examined","language":"eng","description":"TYPE LOCALITY: Unknown, given by Goodwin (19596: 2), who discussed the problem, as probably Antigua, Lesser Antilles.","source":"Order Chiroptera","sourceTaxonKey":205128162},{"key":463445092,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"discussion","language":"eng","description":"COMMENT: Includes major and primus; see Varona, 1974: 32. Includes mexicanus and dominicensis; see Goodwin, 1959, Am. Mus. Novit., 1977 (2): 6.","source":"Order Chiroptera","sourceTaxonKey":205121164},{"key":463445093,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"distribution","language":"eng","description":"DISTRIBUTION: S. Baja California, Nuevo Leon, and Sonora (Mexico) to Brazil; Lesser Antilles.","source":"Order Chiroptera","sourceTaxonKey":205121164},{"key":463445094,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"materials_examined","language":"eng","description":"TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Lagoa Santa.","source":"Order Chiroptera","sourceTaxonKey":205121164},{"key":463515370,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"activity","language":"eng","description":"Activity patterns. Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bats are nocturnal. They can fly very slowly in clutter and presumably hunt by slow hawking and gleaning. Their echolocation calls are frequency-modulated (FM) and multiharmonic, with fainter fundamental harmonic centered at ¢. 60 kHz and stronger second harmonic at 90 - 100 kHz. Duty cycle was found to be intermediate.","source":"Natalidae","sourceTaxonKey":196425123},{"key":463515371,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"biology_ecology","language":"eng","description":"Habitat. From dry coastal scrub to rainforest at elevations of 0 - 473 m. The Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bat roosts in small, humid caves, and it was found once in a brick tunnel.","source":"Natalidae","sourceTaxonKey":196425123},{"key":463515372,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"biology_ecology","language":"eng","description":"Movements, Home range and Social organization. In Dominica, the Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bat has been found coexisting with several thousand Davy’s Nakedbacked Bats (Pteronotus davyi) in a narrow cave opening on a sandy cliff.","source":"Natalidae","sourceTaxonKey":196425123},{"key":463515373,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"breeding","language":"eng","description":"Breeding. Reproductive activity of the Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bat might be concentrated earlier in the year than in funnel-eared bats of the Greater Antilles. In Dominica, pregnant and lactating females have been found in April, and all females found in July were non-reproductive.","source":"Natalidae","sourceTaxonKey":196425123},{"key":463515374,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"conservation","language":"eng","description":"Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Nevertheless, its small, naturally fragmented distribution and requirement for humid cave-like roosts suggest limited availability of suitable habitat and therefore vulnerable conservation status. The Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bat appears to be common on four islands (Antigua, Barbuda, Dominica, and Saba) but known only from a single specimen from Marie-Galante, Martinique, and Nevis. The population on Montserrat is affected by volcanic eruptions, and its survival is uncertain.","source":"Natalidae","sourceTaxonKey":196425123},{"key":463515375,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"description","language":"eng","description":"Descriptive notes. Ear 14: 6 - 17 - 5 mm, forearm 37 - 8419 mm (males) and 36: 9 - 41 - 2 mm (females); weight 4.9 - 5 - 2 g (males) and 4 - 6 - 5 - 3 g (females). Dorsal hairs are smoke gray, with wood-brown tips to amber or orange-brown with mediumbrown tips; ventral pelage is unicolored pale smoke gray or pinkish buff to light amber-chestnut or orange-brown. There are dense mustache-like hair tufts along lateral margins of upper lip and on dorsum of muzzle. Medial and lateral ear margins are deeply concave; there are 5 - 6 ear pleats; pinna is funnel-shaped, with markedly pointed tip. Natalid organ of malesis relatively flat, elliptical to wedge-shaped, and extends onto crown. Ungual tufts are absent. Braincase is moderately inflated, rising gently from rostrum; premaxilla is inflated; maxilla dorsal to molars 1 s convex and not inflated; postorbital region of skull in dorsal view has sides widely diverging rostrally; palate is present between pterygoids; caudal margins of maxilla in ventral view form acute angle with longitudinal axis of skull; basisphenoid pits are shallow; mesostylar crest on third molar is absent.","source":"Natalidae","sourceTaxonKey":196425123},{"key":463515376,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"discussion","language":"eng","description":"This species is monotypic.","source":"Natalidae","sourceTaxonKey":196425123},{"key":463515377,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"distribution","language":"eng","description":"Distribution. Lesser Antilles N of St. Lucia Channel (Anguilla, Saba, Nevis, Barbuda, Antigua, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, Marie-Galante, Dominica, and Martinique).","source":"Natalidae","sourceTaxonKey":196425123},{"key":463515378,"taxonKey":2432756,"type":"food_feeding","language":"eng","description":"Food and Feeding. There is no specific information available for this species, but the Lesser Antillean Funnel-eared Bat is certainly insectivorous.","source":"Natalidae","sourceTaxonKey":196425123}]}