{"offset":0,"limit":20,"endOfRecords":false,"results":[{"key":445673375,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"biology_ecology","language":"eng","description":"Echolocation: Consistent with published data for M. spasma in Vietnam (Furey et al. 2009; Győrössy et al. 2024 a), our bats emitted short, broadband, frequency-modulated (FM) calls with multiple harmonics (lowest frequency of the second harmonic: 37 – 40 kHz) (Appendix 4).","source":"Bats of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: A revised checklist with significant new records","sourceTaxonKey":324602959},{"key":445673376,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"description","language":"eng","description":"Morphology: The external characters and measurements of our specimens (FA: 54.5 ± 1.8 mm (52.5 – 56.1 mm), TIB: 31.6 ± 0.4 mm (31.3 – 32.0 mm) agree with published data for Megaderma spasma (52 – 62 mm: Kruskop 2013). Members of the Megadermatidae are easily distinguished from all other bats by their short and convex-sided vertical noseleaf, large ears joined (to differing extents), and a long bifid tragus. Megadema spasma differs from the closely related Lyroderma sinensis by its smaller size (FA: 54.5 ± 1.8 mm vs 68.4 mm), shorter vertical noseleaf with a rounded apex and distinctly convex sides, median ridges with wide heart-shaped base, and fusin of inner margins of ears fused at about 15 % or less of their height (Figure 2 A). Genetics: No sequences were generated for this species, as morphological identification was considered reliable and prior evidence indicates low genetic structure across Southeast Asia (e. g., Feng et al. 2025; Soisook et al. 2015).","source":"Bats of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: A revised checklist with significant new records","sourceTaxonKey":324602959},{"key":445673377,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"materials_examined","language":"eng","description":"New material: Two adult males (VN 20 - 20200305.1, VN 20 - 20200305.2, vouchers, in ethanol) and one pregnant female (VN 20 - 080, voucher, in ethanol), 5 March 2020, secondary lowland mixed forest, Co To mountain, Tri Ton district, An Giang province (10.388637 oN, 104.995033 oE [AG 1, Figure 1]).","source":"Bats of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: A revised checklist with significant new records","sourceTaxonKey":324602959},{"key":445805984,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"discussion","language":"eng","description":"Remarks. — Megaderma spasma was collected with harp traps across trails in the forest. Unlike Nycteris, Megaderma has long ears that are connected at the base (Payne et al. 1985), a long noseleaf with convex sides, and no tail. A comparison to a GenBank sequence from Java, Indonesia (AY 057942), were about 0.4 to 2 % cyt- b genetic distance, suggesting individuals we captured in Borneo probably represent M. spasma whereas others specimens compared here need to be reevaluated. There are two species in this genus recognized within Malaysia: M. lyra and M. spasma. Morphologically, M. lyra (FA: 60 - 71 mm) differs in noseleaf shape and narial emargination of skull compared to M. spasma (FA: 52 - 63 mm) (Corbet and Hill 1992). Genetically, we have compared the cyt- b sequences of specimens identified as M. spasma from Thailand (TK 21322 and TK 21323) to our specimens from Borneo and found a genetic distance of 10 - 12 % separates the two. Additionally, when we compared our specimens to individuals identified as M. lyra in GenBank (DQ 888678: China and DQ 680822: India), a genetic distance of 20 - 21 % separated lyra from spasma. Specimens from Thailand or those in GenBank may actually represent M. lyra, but this hypothesis remains to be tested, as the voucher specimens were unavailable for examination.","source":"USING GENETICS AND MORPHOLOGY TO EXAMINE SPECIES DIVERSITY OF OLD WORLD BATS: REPORT OF A RECENT COLLECTION FROM MALAYSIA","sourceTaxonKey":265189981},{"key":445805985,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"distribution","language":"eng","description":"Malaysian distribution. — Recorded from Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo.","source":"USING GENETICS AND MORPHOLOGY TO EXAMINE SPECIES DIVERSITY OF OLD WORLD BATS: REPORT OF A RECENT COLLECTION FROM MALAYSIA","sourceTaxonKey":265189981},{"key":445805986,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"materials_examined","language":"eng","description":"Specimens examined (2). — Bako NP: TTU 108285 (GenBank EU 521606); Kubah NP: TTU 108347. Type locality. — Indonesia, Molucca Isls, Ternate.","source":"USING GENETICS AND MORPHOLOGY TO EXAMINE SPECIES DIVERSITY OF OLD WORLD BATS: REPORT OF A RECENT COLLECTION FROM MALAYSIA","sourceTaxonKey":265189981},{"key":445805987,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"vernacular_names","language":"eng","description":"Lesser False Vampire Bat (Kelawar Telinga Lebar)","source":"USING GENETICS AND MORPHOLOGY TO EXAMINE SPECIES DIVERSITY OF OLD WORLD BATS: REPORT OF A RECENT COLLECTION FROM MALAYSIA","sourceTaxonKey":265189981},{"key":445862910,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"description","language":"eng","description":"Fig. 20 Lesser false vampire","source":"Mammal diversity survey of Ko Pha-ngan in Surat Thani Province, Thailand","sourceTaxonKey":254608488},{"key":445922180,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"distribution","language":"eng","description":"Distribution: Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam. In Myanmar, recorded in Mandalay Region (Patheingyi Township; Shein and Sein 2013), Tanintharyi Region (Proposed Lenya NP; Grindley 2019), Mon and Kayin States (Nyo 2005).","source":"Mammals of Myanmar: an annotated checklist","sourceTaxonKey":243542873},{"key":445922181,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"materials_examined","language":"eng","description":"Myanmar name:","source":"Mammals of Myanmar: an annotated checklist","sourceTaxonKey":243542873},{"key":445922182,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"vernacular_names","language":"eng","description":"Common name: Lesser Asian False Vampire, Lesser False Vampire Bat","source":"Mammals of Myanmar: an annotated checklist","sourceTaxonKey":243542873},{"key":445999579,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"child_taxa","language":"eng","description":"Subspecies:: Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. spasma Linnaeus 1758 Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. abditum Chasen 1940 Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. carimatae Miller 1906 Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. celebensis Shamel 1940 Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. ceylonense K. Andersen 1918 Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. horsfieldii Blyth 1863 Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. kinabalu Chasen 1940 Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. lasiae Lyon 1916 Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. majus K. Andersen 1918 Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. medium K. Andersen 1918 Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. minus K. Andersen 1918 Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. naisense Lyon 1916 Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. natunae K. Andersen and Wroughton 1907 Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. pangandarana Sody 1936 Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. philippinensis Waterhouse 1843 Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. siumatis Lyon 1916 Subspecies Megaderma (Megaderma) spasma subsp. trifolium Geoffroy 1810","source":"Order Chiroptera - Family Megadermatidae","sourceTaxonKey":231518785},{"key":445999580,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"conservation","language":"eng","description":"Conservation: IUCN 2003 and IUCN / SSC Action Plan (2001) – Lower Risk (lc).","source":"Order Chiroptera - Family Megadermatidae","sourceTaxonKey":231518785},{"key":445999581,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"discussion","language":"eng","description":"Discussion: Subgenus Megaderma. See Bergmans and van Bree (1986) for discussion of subspecies limits in the Indonesian region. Boundaries of some subspecies are unclear. Reviewed in part by Hill (1983) and Bates and Harrison (1997); also see Flannery (1995 b).","source":"Order Chiroptera - Family Megadermatidae","sourceTaxonKey":231518785},{"key":445999582,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"distribution","language":"eng","description":"Distribution: Sri Lanka and India through SE Asia (including Vietnam) to Lesser Sundas, the Philippines and Molucca Isls, various adjacent islands.","source":"Order Chiroptera - Family Megadermatidae","sourceTaxonKey":231518785},{"key":445999583,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"materials_examined","language":"eng","description":"Type Locality: Indonesia, Molucca Isls, Ternate.","source":"Order Chiroptera - Family Megadermatidae","sourceTaxonKey":231518785},{"key":447368701,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"distribution","language":"eng","description":"DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka and India through SE Asia to Lesser Sundas, the Philippines and Molucca Isis, various adjacent islands.","source":"Order Chiroptera","sourceTaxonKey":205128115},{"key":447368702,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"materials_examined","language":"eng","description":"TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Molucca Islands, Ternate.","source":"Order Chiroptera","sourceTaxonKey":205128115},{"key":447383537,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"distribution","language":"eng","description":"DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka and India through S. E. Asia to Java, the Philippines and Molucca Isis; various adjacent islands.","source":"Order Chiroptera","sourceTaxonKey":205121174},{"key":447383538,"taxonKey":2433352,"type":"materials_examined","language":"eng","description":"TYPE LOCALITY: Indonesia, Molucca Islands, Ternate.","source":"Order Chiroptera","sourceTaxonKey":205121174}]}