{"offset":0,"limit":20,"endOfRecords":false,"results":[{"key":463005073,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"conservation","language":"eng","description":"(IUCN Red List: LC)","source":"Checklist of Mammals of Syria","sourceTaxonKey":257255603},{"key":463005074,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"discussion","language":"eng","description":"Remarks: A craniometric study by Vohralík et al. (2002) retrieved poor support for the subspecific status of A. mystacinus while a phylogeographic analysis inferred the occurrence of a single lineage in Syria, which is widespread across Anatolia, except for its southwestern parts (Michaux et al. 2005).","source":"Checklist of Mammals of Syria","sourceTaxonKey":257255603},{"key":463005075,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"distribution","language":"eng","description":"Distribution: Common and confined to the mountain foothills and wooded steppes of the coastal and southwestern regions. (Fig. 38) Previous records: Mount Hermon (Allen 1915), Kafroun and Al-Qaryatein (Aharoni 1932), Qastal Maaf and Slenfeh (Lehmann 1965), Kasab (Lewis et al. 1967), Al-Karnah and Ain Arab (Shehab et al. 1999), Kharabow (Shehab 2005), Abu Qubays and Al-Furunlok (Daoud & Khalil 2009 a, b); Ain Arab, Al-Bargasha, Serghaya, Jubata Forest (Shehab et al. 2018). Recent record: Al-Kreem (2021).","source":"Checklist of Mammals of Syria","sourceTaxonKey":257255603},{"key":463156638,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"conservation","language":"eng","description":"Conservation: IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).","source":"Order Rodentia - Family Muridae","sourceTaxonKey":231540319},{"key":463156639,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"discussion","language":"eng","description":"Discussion: Sylvaemus group. Reviewed by Storch (1977) and Niethammer (1978 a), who included krkensis as a subspecies; that form, however, is a color phase of A. sylvaticus (see that account). Usually regarded as sole member of subgenus Karstomys, but included in a Sylvaemus Group by Musser et al. (1996); placed in subgenus Karstomys of genus Sylvaemus by Mezhzherin (1997 a) and Pavlinov et al. (1995 a), but in an \" Apodemus group \" by Liu et al. (2004). Electrophoretic analyses of allozyme variation indicated A. mystacinus (and A. epimelas) to be a distinct species justifiably placed within subgenus Sylvaemus (Britton-Davidian et al., 1991; Filippucci, 1992; Filippucci et al., 2002; Gemmeke, 1980; Mezhzherin et al., 1992). Data from nuclear IRBP and mtDNA cytochrome b and 12 S rRNA sequences also indicated weak affinity with Sylvaemus (Michaux et al., 2002 a), as did analyses of cytochrome b haplotype divergences (Reutter et al., 2003), but not complete mtDNA cytochrome b sequences (Liu et al., 2004). Vorontsov et al. (1989) provided chromosomal data in context of defining species of Apodemus in the Caucasus. Formerly included the Balkan epimelas, which is now treated as a separate species (see that account). Sequences from mtDNA cytochrome b and D-loop and the IRBP nuclear gene identified two distinct clades within A. mystacinus, one occupying NW and E Turkey, and the Near East, the other inhabiting SW Turkey and the island of Crete (Michaux et al., in press). Remains of A. mystacinus were uncovered from subfossil cave deposits in S and E Anatolia (Corbet and Morris, 1967; Kock et al., 1972) as well as middle Pleistocene (Storch, 1975) and Holocene (Besenecker et al., 1972) sediments on the Aegean island of Khios. Fossils are also common in middle Palaeolithic assemblages from Lebanon (Kersten, 1992) and date back to middle Pleistocene in other parts of the Levant (Tchernov, 1968, 1986, 1992, 1994).","source":"Order Rodentia - Family Muridae","sourceTaxonKey":231540319},{"key":463156640,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"distribution","language":"eng","description":"Distribution: On some Aegean islands (Rhodes, Crete, Corfu, and other inshore islands; Cheylan, 1991; Özkan and Kryštufek et al., 1999; Storch, 1977); eastward through Turkey (Felten et al., 1973; Kryštufek and Vohralík, 2001; Pamukoglu and Albayrak, 1996) to S Georgia in Caucasus (Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995); south and east to N and C Israel, Lebanon, NW Jordan (Benda and Sádlová, 1999; Mendelssohn and Yom-Tov, 1999; Qumsiyeh, 1996; Tchernov, 1979, who discussed extant and Pleistocene samples), Syria (Shehab et al., 1999), and N Iraq; see non-European distribution in Corbet (1978 c), Niethammer (1978 a), Mitchell-Jones (1999), and review of distribution in the Near East by Harrison and Bates (1991).","source":"Order Rodentia - Family Muridae","sourceTaxonKey":231540319},{"key":463156641,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"materials_examined","language":"eng","description":"Type Locality: Turkey, Adana Province, Bulgar Dagh Mt, Zebil.","source":"Order Rodentia - Family Muridae","sourceTaxonKey":231540319},{"key":463427241,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"discussion","language":"eng","description":"COMMENTS: Subgenus Karstomys. Reviewed by Storch (1977) and Niethammer (1978 a), who included krkensis as a subspecies; that form, however, is a color phase of A. sylvaticus (see that account). The Arabian portion of its range includes the form named pohlei (Harrison and Bates, 1991). Vorontsov et al. (1989) provided chromosomal data in context of defining species in Caucasia.","source":"Order Rodentia - Family Muridae","sourceTaxonKey":205133161},{"key":463427242,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"distribution","language":"eng","description":"DISTRIBUTION: SE Europe, Israel, Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq, Iraq, NW Iran, S Georgia in Caucasus, Rhodes, Crete, and other inshore Aegean isls, and N Arabia (Corbet, 1978 c; Niethammer, 1978 a).","source":"Order Rodentia - Family Muridae","sourceTaxonKey":205133161},{"key":463427243,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"materials_examined","language":"eng","description":"TYPE LOCALITY: Turkey, Adana Prov., Bulgar Dagh Mt, Zebil.","source":"Order Rodentia - Family Muridae","sourceTaxonKey":205133161},{"key":463432796,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"discussion","language":"eng","description":"COMMENT: Includes pohlei; see Harrison, 1972, The Mammals of Arabia, 3: 442; and Corbet, 1978: 134. See also comment under krkensis.","source":"Order Rodentia (Part 5)","sourceTaxonKey":205127175},{"key":463432797,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"distribution","language":"eng","description":"DISTRIBUTION: S. E. Europe; Israel; Lebanon; Asia Minor; N. Iraq; N. W. Iran; S. Georgia (U. S. S. R.); Rhodes; Crete.","source":"Order Rodentia (Part 5)","sourceTaxonKey":205127175},{"key":463432798,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"materials_examined","language":"eng","description":"TYPE LOCALITY: Turkey, Adana Prov., Bulgar Dagh Mt., Zebil.","source":"Order Rodentia (Part 5)","sourceTaxonKey":205127175},{"key":463505551,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"biology_ecology","language":"eng","description":"Habitat. Mediterranean forests with rocky habitats and sparse cover, from sea level to 2700 m. In Turkey, the Eastern Broad-toothed Field Mouse is common in rocky ground with deciduous and coniferous forests with oaks (Quercus, Fagaceae), pines (Pinus, Pinaceae), and cedars (Cedrus, Pinaceae). It can live in degraded forest, shrublands, and pastures with bush and rocks, and is found also incultivated areas (or-chards, fields, vineyards, gardens) surrounded by stony walls. Food and Feeding. Diet consists of seeds of weeds, pine, cereals, acorns, and carob (Ceratonia siliqua, Fabaceae), with variable proportion of insects and snails, as well as some bird eggs and nestlings.","source":"Muridae","sourceTaxonKey":197825533},{"key":463505552,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"conservation","language":"eng","description":"Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust.","source":"Muridae","sourceTaxonKey":197825533},{"key":463505553,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"description","language":"eng","description":"Breeding. Reproduction is continuous or seasonal, depending on region; generally three or four litters per year. After gestation of 23 - 26 days, females give birth to up to five offspring. Activity patterns. The Eastern Broad-toothed Field Mouse is terrestrial and nocturnal. It can climb trees easily, and also digs burrows in soil or finds shelter under rocks. It makes nests in fallenlogs or piles of rocks and in crevices. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Eastern Broad-toothed Field Mouse is never very abundant, and population densities do not fluctuate. Observed range is small, average radius of activity varying from 8 m to 15 m. Males become aggressive toward other males during breeding season, but agonistic interactions be-tween females remain rare.","source":"Muridae","sourceTaxonKey":197825533},{"key":463505554,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"description","language":"eng","description":"Descriptive notes. Head-body 98 - 132 mm, tail 98 - 145 mm, ear 17 - 22 mm, hindfoot 24 - 28 mm; weight 25 - 57 g. Dorsal pelage of the Eastern Broad-toothed Field Mouseis in general gray, with some variability from brownish gray to buff, and ventral fur is pure white orvery pale gray. Ears are gray, and feet are white. Tail is generally longer but in 2 % of individuals shorter (90 - 139 %) than head-body length, and is bicolored. Skull is very similar in proportions to that of Sylvaemus representatives, and only morphometric studies may allow distinction. Females bear three pairs of mammae. Chromosomal complement has 2 n = 48, FNa = 50.","source":"Muridae","sourceTaxonKey":197825533},{"key":463505555,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"discussion","language":"eng","description":"Apodemus mystacinus was formerly thought to belong to subgenus Karstomys, of which it was unique representative when A. epimelas was treated as a synonym. Later, in 1996, it was attributed to the Sylvaemus group by G. G. Musser and colleagues, but molecular studies found it to be very distant from most other Apodemus, and its phylogenetic position varied from placement in a separate clade (Karstomys) to that of sister taxon of a draco subgroup in an “ Apodemus group ” clade, as outlined in 2005 by Musser and M. D. Carleton. A 2008 molecular study by H. Suzuki and team placed it in its own clade basal to Sylvaemus group, whereas Liu Qi and coworkers in 2012 foundit basal to the Apodemus group. J. Darvish and colleagues in 2015 found A. mystacinus to be sister of A. epimelas, the two representing a Karstomys clade. A morphometric analysis by V. Vohralik and colleagues in 2002 did not supportrecognition of named subspe-cies, and various phylogeographic studies, as reported by B. Krystufek & Vohralik in 2009, provided no clear support for them. Monotypic.","source":"Muridae","sourceTaxonKey":197825533},{"key":463505556,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"distribution","language":"eng","description":"Distribution. Greece (Crete and Aegean Is), Turkey (Anatolia), W Georgia, W Syria, Lebanon, N Israel, Palestine, Jordan, and N Iraq.","source":"Muridae","sourceTaxonKey":197825533},{"key":463505557,"taxonKey":2437773,"type":"materials_examined","language":"eng","description":"Zebil, Bulgar Dagh [= Bol-kar Mountains], Adana Province, Turkey.","source":"Muridae","sourceTaxonKey":197825533}]}