{"offset":0,"limit":20,"endOfRecords":true,"results":[{"key":464092108,"taxonKey":9027381,"type":"description","language":"eng","description":"Description. Slender, climbing, perennial vine 2 - 4 m long or more, sometimes trailing on ground, sparsely pubescent with unicellular curved trichomes on petiole, leaf and stem, 0.2 - 0.4 mm long, 0.02 - 0.03 mm wide, also minutely antrorsely appressed-puberulent throughout with unicellular, curved trichomes, ca. 0.1 mm long, 0.02 - 0.03 mm wide. Flowering stems 1.0 - 2.4 mm in diameter, terete or somewhat compressed, with the base woody and cork-covered. Stipules 1.7 - 5.7 mm long, 0.4 - 0.7 mm wide, narrowly ovate-triangular, acute, longitudinally striate-nerved; petioles 1.1 - 3.8 cm long, inserted 1.4 - 9.6 mm from the basal margins of the peltate blades, with two, round or elliptic, opposite to subopposite, sessile or shortly stipitate (rare), saucer-shaped nectaries with flat rims, 1.3 - 2.1 mm wide (on the widest axis), 0.4 - 1.6 mm high, commonly borne in the distal half of the petiole (0.30 -) 0.53 - 0.77 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole. Laminas (2.7 -) 3.3 - 7.1 (- 8.2) cm long, 6.6 - 17.3 cm wide, sometimes glaucous beneath, coriaceous, peltate, transversely elliptic (widely divaricately bilobed) or 3 - lobed, lateral lobes 3.5 - 9.1 cm long, 3.7 - 25 cm wide, elliptic, acute to slightly attenuate, central lobe elliptic to ovate or present merely as an acute to obtuse tip, central vein 2.4 - 7.7 cm long (measured from point of petiole insertion), angle between the lateral lobes 104 - 176 °, ratio of lateral lobe to central vein length 0.85 - 2.47, margins entire, hyaline, primary veins 3, diverging and branching above base, laminar nectaries present, 6 - 10, submarginal, associated with the minor veins of the abaxial surface, 0.3 - 1.5 mm in diameter, circular to widely elliptic, sessile; tendril 0.3 - 1.1 mm wide, present at flowering node, absent in inflorescence. Flowers borne in leaf axils or inflorescences; inflorescences 5.6 - 11.7 cm long, associated reduced laminas 2.6 - 9.0 mm long, 1.0 - 2.8 mm wide. Pedicels 4.4 - 17.5 mm long, 0.4 - 1.1 mm wide, 2 per node; bract (s) 1 (rare) or absent; spur (s) absent. Flowers 29.5 - 56.7 mm in diameter with stipe 2.6 - 6.1 mm long, 0.9 - 1.4 mm wide; hypanthium (7.8 -) 8.1 - 16.1 mm in diameter; sepals 10.0 - 20.5 mm long, 4.3 - 12.1 mm wide, ovate-triangular, acute to rounded, abaxially and adaxially very pale greenish yellow; coronal filaments in 2 series, the outer 31 - 40, 6.8 - 14.0 mm long, 0.4 - 1.1 mm wide, linear, dilated toward tips, erect, greenish yellow (5 GY 8 / 4) with very light yellow tips (5 Y 8 / 6), ratio of outer coronal row to sepal length 0.48 - 0.85, the inner (12 -) 30 - 45, 2.3 - 5.6 mm long, 0.1 - 0.4 mm wide, linear, capitate, erect, greenish yellow with whitish apices or greenish yellow with a mere flush of reddish purple (5 RP 4 / 8 - 4 / 10) at the very base and whitish tips, ratio of inner coronal row to outer coronal row length 0.30 - 0.52; operculum 2.1 - 4.2 mm long, plicate, flushed with reddish purple toward the base and whitish toward the tips, the margin with narrow minutely fimbrillate teeth; nectary 0.4 - 0.8 (- 2.3) mm high, 0.8 - 2.5 mm wide; limen recurved or rarely inclined slightly away from androgynophore, 0.4 - 1.3 mm high, 0.2 - 0.9 mm wide, whitish, limen floor 3.3 - 8.4 mm in diameter, whitish with reddish purple spots and streaks toward base; androgynophore 4.1 - 10.0 mm long, 0.9 - 1.9 mm wide, whitish at base with reddish purple spots and streaks becoming light greenish yellow toward apex; free portions of the staminal filaments 2.8 - 3.9 mm long, 0.5 - 1.3 mm wide, linear, greenish yellow; anthers 2.8 - 4.4 mm long, 0.8 - 2.6 (- 5.1) mm wide; styles 3.2 - 6.7 mm long including stigmas, 0.3 - 0.7 mm wide, greenish yellow; stigmas 1.2 - 2.5 mm in diameter; ovary 2.1 - 4.0 mm long, 1.4 - 3.6 mm wide, widely ellipsoid to globose, greenish yellow. Berry 24.0 - 27.0 mm long, 19.0 - 25.0 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, very dark purple (5 P 2.5 / 2) with a glaucous bloom at maturity, immature fruit greenish yellow, sometimes mottled with white or yellow. Seeds (27 -) 45 - 50 (- 60), 4.9 - 5.1 mm long, 3.0 - 3.1 mm wide, 1.9 - 2.0 mm thick, obovate in outline, acute at both ends, reticulate-foveate with each face marked with ca. 15 - 20 foveae.","source":"A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae)","sourceTaxonKey":161677302},{"key":464092109,"taxonKey":9027381,"type":"diagnosis","language":"eng","description":"Diagnosis. Passiflora scandens; stipulae 0.4 - 0.7 mm latae; petioli in parte proximali biglandulosi; folia peltata glandulosa bilobata vel obscure ad distincte trilobata, lobis centralibus obtusis ad acutis, lobis lateralibus acutis vel raro acuminatis, marginibus integris; pedunculi ebracteatis vel raro unibracteatis, stipites florum 1.7 - 5.7 mm longi; petala nulla; sepala 10.0 - 20.5 mm longa, viridiflava; filamenta coronae 2 - seriata, filamentis exterioribus linearibus, 6.8 - 14.0 mm longis, pro parte maxima viridiflavis, ad apicem flavidis, interdum ad basim purpureis, filamentis interioribus capitatis, 2.3 - 5.6 mm longis, pro parte maxima viridiflavis, ad apicem flavidis, interdum ad basim purpureis; operculum plicatum; androgynophorum 4.1 - 10.0 mm longum; ovarium glabrum; fructus ellipsoidei; semina 4.9 - 5.1 mm longi, 3.0 - 3.1 mm lata, retifoveata. Type: Costa Rica. Limon: bluff above mouth of river at Moin, about 7 km N of Limon, sunny clay bank along road, 9 Aug. 1980, J. M. MacDougal 1204 (holotype: DUKE! [DUKE 00274532]; isotypes: C!, CAS! [CAS 00767084]).","source":"A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae)","sourceTaxonKey":161677302},{"key":464092110,"taxonKey":9027381,"type":"discussion","language":"eng","description":"Discussion. Passiflora megacoriacea is relatively common in Costa Rica and Panama. John MacDougal brought my attention to the variation of vegetative and floral characters of some of the Costa Rican and Panamanian specimens then identified as Passiflora coriacea. Passiflora megacoriacea, as noted above in the discussion of Passiflora coriacea, is very similar to Passiflora coriacea and Passiflora sexocellata, and although not sympatric, without reproductive material it can be difficult to separate them. Passiflora megacoriacea may be recognized by commonly having petiolar nectaries found on the distal half of the petiole, (0.30 -) 0.50 - 0.77 of the distance from the base toward the apex of the petiole, and although that overlaps the 0.21 - 0.54 (- 0.64) range of Passiflora coriacea and Passiflora sexocellata, the character is easily seen in herbarium specimens. Passiflora megacoriacea can also possess deeply trilobed leaves (commonly 0.11 - 0.61 the distance to the base), especially in populations along the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and in the Panama Canal Zone, whereas Passiflora coriacea and Passiflora sexocellata do not possess deeply trilobed leaves (commonly less than 0.11 the distance to the base). The reproductive structures of these three species provide a number of distinguishing characters. Passiflora megacoriacea possesses floral stipes that are commonly less than half the length of the pedicels, whereas Passiflora coriacea possess stipes that are usually two to three times the length of the pedicels and Passiflora sexocellata has floral stipes that are commonly just shorter than or rarely up to two times the length of the pedicels. The overall size of the flower of Passiflora megacoriacea exceeds that of both Passiflora coriacea or Passiflora sexocellata, with Passiflora megacoriacea commonly having a wider hypanthium, longer sepals, larger and fewer outer coronal filaments, a longer androgynophore, longer staminal filaments, longer anthers, and a longer operculum. The most informative of these is the length of the androgynophore, with Passiflora megacoriacea having an androgynophore that is 6.9 - 8.8 mm long and the androgynophores of both Passiflora coriacea and Passiflora sexocellata not exceeding a length of 5.9 mm. In addition, the nectary floor is raised in Passiflora megacoriacea, never raised in Passiflora sexocellata, and only rarely raised in Passiflora coriacea. The outer coronal filaments of both Passiflora megacoriacea and Passiflora sexocellata are erect, while those of Passiflora coriacea spread to ca. 140 - 160 °. The flowers of Passiflora megacoriacea are commonly referred to as white, greenish white, or cream on herbarium labels and this is due to it having no (or relatively little) reddish purple coloration in the mature flowers; the flowers of Passiflora coriacea and Passiflora sexocellata both commonly have a significant amount of reddish purple coloration. According to Benson et al. (1975), Passiflora megacoriacea (based on geography) has a different passionflower butterfly herbivore than Passiflora coriacea and Passiflora sexocellata. Heliconius cydno has been reported to be the primary herbivore of Passiflora megacoriacea in Panama and southeastern Costa Rica, though Heliconius erato is also known to utilize this species. Heliconius erato is the primary herbivore of Passiflora coriacea and Passiflora sexocellata. Dryas julia is also an herbivore of Passiflora sexocellata (Benson et al. 1975). In an unpublished manuscript, MacDougal determined the total sugar concentration measured as sucrose equivalents in percent weight per total weight to be 29 - 44 % in Passiflora megacoriacea (MacDougal 409). He found the flower odor to be sweet, waxy, and strong. These data indicate that the flowers are likely utilized by bees.","source":"A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae)","sourceTaxonKey":161677302},{"key":464092111,"taxonKey":9027381,"type":"distribution","language":"eng","description":"Distribution. Colombia, Costa Rica, and Panama. Growing in shrubs or trees in secondary successional areas, along the edges of tropical moist to premontane wet forests, and near the seashore, 0 - 1100 m altitude.","source":"A revision of Passiflora L. subgenus Decaloba (DC.) Rchb. supersection Cieca (Medik.) J. M. MacDougal & Feuillet (Passifloraceae)","sourceTaxonKey":161677302}]}