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Opisthonotal region with 27 pairs of setae, of which 27 pairs on opisthonotal shield and without setae on soft integument along lateral margins of opisthonotal shield. Seta j 1 on prominent protuberance, shorter than r 3 and Z 5. Holonotal and ventrianal shields fused. With a pair of presternal platelets. Sternal shield not fused to endopodal shield near coxa IV; setae st 1– st 4 in longitudinal line. Opisthogaster without platelets between genital and ventrianal shields; with eight pairs of setae on ventrianal shield and without setae on soft integument around ventrianal shield; post-anal seta as long as para-anal seta. Peritreme with straight or smoothly curved margins, extending anteriorly to level of coxa I. Peritrematal shield fused posteriorly to exopodal shield near coxa IV, with connection behind stigma wider than peritreme. Exopodal shields near coxae II–III–III divided at median level of coxa III. Without distinct metapodal platelets. All legs with pretarsi. 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There are more than 40 genera and 470 described species in Ologamasidae."},{"description":"These 44 genera belong to the family Ologamasidae: Acugamasus Lee, 1970 Acuphis Karg, 1998 Allogamasellus Athias-Henriot, 1961 Antennolaelaps Womersley, 1956 Athiasella Lee, 1973 Caliphis Lee, 1970 Cymiphis Lee, 1970 Desectophis Karg, 2003 Euepicrius Womersley, 1942 Euryparasitus Oudemans, 1902 Evanssellus Ryke, 1961 Gamasellevans Loots & Ryke, 1967 Gamaselliphis Ryke, 1961 Gamasellopsis Loots & Ryke, 1966 Gamasellus Berlese, 1892 Gamasiphis Berlese, 1904 Gamasiphoides Womersley, 1956 Gamasitus Womersley, 1956 Geogamasus Lee, 1970 Heterogamasus Trägårdh, 1907 Heydeniella Richters, 1907 Hiniphis Lee, 1970 Hydrogamasellus Hirschmann, 1966 Hydrogamasus Berlese, 1892 Laelaptiella Womersley, 1956 Laelogamasus Berlese, 1905 Litogamasus Lee, 1970 Neogamasellevans Loots & Ryke, 1967 Notogamasellus Loots & Ryke, 1965 Ologamasus Berlese, 1888 Onchogamasus Womersley, 1956 Oriflammella Halliday, 2008 Pachymasiphis Karg, 1996 Parasitiphis Womersley, 1956 Periseius Womersley, 1961 Pilellus Lee, 1970 Podonotogamasellus Loots & Ryke, 1965 Pyriphis Lee, 1970 Queenslandolaelaps Womersley, 1956 Rhodacaroides Willmann Rykellus Lee, 1970 Sessiluncus Canestrini, 1898 Solugamasus Lee, 1973 Stylochirus Canestrini & Canestrini, 1882"}],"vernacularNames":[],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{}},{"key":7242,"nameKey":7759961,"datasetKey":"d7dddbf4-2cf0-4f39-9b2a-bb099caae36c","constituentKey":"7ddf754f-d193-4cc9-b351-99906754a03b","nubKey":7242,"parentKey":1109,"parent":"Mesostigmata","kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Arthropoda","order":"Mesostigmata","family":"Ologamasidae","kingdomKey":1,"phylumKey":54,"classKey":367,"orderKey":1109,"familyKey":7242,"scientificName":"Ologamasidae","canonicalName":"Ologamasidae","authorship":"","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"FAMILY","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":583,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"gbif:7242","extinct":false,"habitats":["TERRESTRIAL"],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[{"description":"• Cyrtolaelaps mucronatus (G. & R. Canestrini, 1881) • Original name: Gamasus mucronatus G. & R. Canestrini, 1881. • In: Atti del Reale Istituto veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti, Series 5, 7: 1081. • Combinations / variations used in Irish literature: Asca affinis Oudemans (Halbert, 1915), Gamasellus (Proc- tolaelaps) mucronatus (G. & R. Canestrini) (Halbert, 1923). Irish Records: Sand pit used for macerating bones (Halbert, 1915), rotting potatoes (Halbert, 1923); pasture on peat (Whelan, 1976); small mammal nest (Unpublishd data); in bedding of Meles meles and Oryctolagus cuniculus (unpublished data). Counties: Dublin, Kildare. • Cyrtolaelaps subnudus (Berlese, 1918) • Original name: Gamasellus (Protolaelaps) subnudus Berlese, 1918. • In: Redia, 13: 38. • Combinations / variations used in Irish literature: Gamasellus (Procolaelaps) subnudus Berlese (Halbert, 1923). Irish Records: Decaying turnips (Halbert, 1923). Counties: Dublin. Euryparasitus Oudemans, 1901 • Euryparasitus emarginatus (Koch, 1839) • Original name: Gamasus emarginatus Koch, 1839. • In: Deutschlands Crustaceen, Myriopoden und Arachniden. 1835 – 1844. Regensburg, fasc. 24 (17). Irish Records: On Apodemus sylvatcus (Fairley, 1963, 1964 a, b, 1965, 1972); on Clethrionomys glareolus (Fairley, 1970); small mammal nests (unpublished data); in bedding of Meles meles (unpublished data). Counties: Antrim, Clare, Down, Dublin, Kerry, Louth, Tyrone. Hydrogamasus Berlese, 1892 • Hydrogamasus giardia (Berlese & Trouessart, 1889) • Original name: Seius Giardi Berlese & Trouessart, 1889. • In: Bulletin De La Bibliothèque Scientifique De L’Ouest, 2: 4. Irish Records: Over wide range of intertidal area at seashore (Halbert, 1915, 1920). Counties: Dublin, Galway. • Hydrogamasus littoralis (G. & R. Canestrini, 1881) • Original name: Gamasus littoralis G. & R. Canestini, 1881. • In: Atti del Reale Istituto veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti, Series 5, 7: 1078. Irish Records: Lower intertidal area of seashore (Halbert, 1920); mussel bed (Healy & McGrath, 1998). Counties: Dublin, Galway, Wexford."},{"description":"Family Ologamasidae Ryke, 1962"},{"description":"Key to genera of Ologamasidae (adult females) 1. Podonotal and opisthonotal shields completely separated...................................................... 2 - Podonotal and opisthonotal shields fused to form a holonotal shield, line of fusion may or may not be visible............ 22 2. Epistome with club-shaped anterocentral extension; peritrematal and exopodal shields fused by a narrow connection posterior to stigma..................................................................... Geogamasus (part) (Figs 1–4) - Epistome without club-shaped anterocentral extension; peritrematal shield not fused to exopodal shield, or fused to exopodal shield posterior to stigma by a connection wider than width of peritreme......................................... 3 3. Dorsal shield setae inserted on long stalks............................................... Oriflammella (Figs 5–8) - Dorsal shield setae not inserted on stalks.................................................................. 4 4. Opisthonotal and ventrianal shields fused.................................................................. 5 - Opisthonotal and ventrianal shields not fused ................................................................ 9 5. Presternal plates absent; pretarsus I absent................................................ Euepicrius (Figs 9–12) - Presternal plates present; pretarsus I present................................................................ 6 6. With one pair of presternal plates.................................................... Gamaselliphis (Figs 13–16) - With two pairs of presternal plates....................................................................... 7 7. Opisthogastric region without latero-diagonal fissure; peritreme extending anteriorly to anterior margin of coxa II............................................................................................ Hiniphis (Figs 17–20) - Opisthogastric region with a distinct latero-diagonal fissure; peritreme extending anteriorly to region of coxa I........... 8 8. Peritrematal shield fused only to exopodal shield near coxa IV.............................. Desectophis (Figs 21–24) - Peritrematal shield fused to exopodal shield near coxa IV and ventrianal shield..................... Acuphis (Figs 25–28) 9. Podosomal section of dorsum with 28 or more pairs of setae................................................... 10 - Podosomal section of dorsum with fewer than 25 pairs of setae............................................... 12 10. Opisthosomal section of dorsum with more than 30 pairs of setae................................ Pilellus (Figs 29–32) - Opisthosomal section of dorsum with fewer than 21 pairs of setae............................................. 11 11. Podosomal section of dorsum with 32 pairs of setae and a medial unpaired seta; trochanter IV with six setae, genu III with ten setae and tibia III with nine setae.................................................. Notogamasellus (Figs 33–36) - Podosomal section of dorsum with 28 pairs of setae; trochanter IV with five setae, genu III with nine setae and tibia III with eight setae................................................................ Podonotogamasellus (Figs 37–40) 12. Peritreme extending anteriorly at most to median region of coxa III....................... Allogamasellus (Figs 41–44) - Peritreme extending anteriorly at least to median region of coxa II.............................................. 13 13. Setae av2, pv2 on tibia I long, thick, spine-like............................................................ 14 - Setae av2, pv2 on tibia I unmodified...................................................................... 15 14. Tarsus I with a small pair of claws; dorsal shield setae j 1 not on prominent protuberance; on genu I av2 spine-like, al1 unmod- ified......................................................................... Heterogamasus (Figs 45–48) - Tarsus I without claws; dorsal shield setae j 1 on prominent protuberance; on genu I al1 spine-like, av2 unmodified......................................................................................... Evanssellus (Figs 49–52) 15. Presternal plates absent............................................................. Cyrtolaelaps (Figs 53–56) - Presternal plates present............................................................................... 16 16. With one pair of presternal plates; if with two pairs (in Rhodacaroides aegypticus), peritrematal shield not fused with exopodal shield near coxa IV.................................................................................. 17 - With 2–5 pairs of presternal shields; if with two pairs, peritrematal shield fused with exopodal shield near coxa IV....... 19 17. Dorsal shields with some setae pilose and/or spatulate.................................... Acugamasus (Figs 57–60) - Dorsal shields without pilose or spatulate setae............................................................ 18 18. Peritrematal shield not fused with exopodal shield near coxa IV........................... Rhodacaroides (Figs 61–64) - Peritrematal shield fused with exopodal shield near coxa IV.............................. Euryparasitus (Figs 65–68) 19. Peritrematal and ventrianal shields fused.................................................. Periseius (Figs 69–72) - Peritrematal and ventrianal shields not fused............................................................... 20 20. Opisthonotal section of dorsal shield with 12 pairs of setae................................ Solugamasus (Figs 73–76) - Opisthonotal section of dorsal shield with more than 12 pairs of setae........................................... 21 21. With two or three pairs of presternal plates............................................... Gamasellus (Figs 77–80) - With five pairs of presternal plates.................................................... Litogamasus (Figs 81–84) 22. Line of fusion between podonotal and opisthonotal shields distinctly visible, straight or U-shaped.................... 23 - Line of fusion between podonotal and opisthonotal shields indistinct or absent.................................... 24 23. Line of fusion between podonotal and opisthonotal shields straight; peritrematal shield and exopodal shield near coxa IV not fused........................................................................ Gamasellevans (Figs 85–88) - Line of fusion between podonotal and opisthonotal shields U-shaped; peritrematal shield and exopodal shield near coxa IV fused.............................................................................. Rykellus (Figs 89–92) 24. Dorsal shield fused with ventrianal shield................................................................ 25 - Dorsal shield not fused with ventrianal shield.............................................................. 34 25. Opisthogaster with incisions behind coxa IV directed almost transversely; dorsal shield setae fine, smooth and pointed except j 1 aciculate, z 4, z 5 and r 3 distally pilose................................................... Pyriphis (Figs 93–96) - Opisthogaster with incisions behind coxa IV directed strongly posteriorly, if transversely then most dorsal shield setae acicu- late or pilose....................................................................................... 26 26. Dorsal shield with 50 or more pairs of setae............................................... Caliphis (Figs 97–100) - Dorsal shield with 45 or fewer pairs of setae.............................................................. 27 27. Sternal shield fused with endopodal shield near coxa IV..................................................... 28 - Sternal shield not fused or fused only by a narrow strip to endopodal shield near coxa IV.......................... 30 28. Exopodal shields near coxae II–III–III fused; with 0–3 pairs of presternal plates.............. Gamasiphis (Figs 101–104) - Exopodal shields near coxae II–III–III divided at median level of coxa III; with one pair of presternal plates........... 29 29. Dorsal and ventrianal shields with some pilose setae....................................... Cymiphis (Figs 105–108) - Dorsal and ventrianal shields with all setae smooth..................................... Heydeniella (Figs 109–112) 30. Peritrematal shield fused with exopodal shield near coxa IV.................................................. 31 - Peritrematal shield not fused with exopodal shield near coxa IV............................................... 33 31. With one pair of presternal plates................................................... Ologamasus (Figs 113–116) - With two pairs of presternal plates....................................................................... 32 32. Setae st 1– st 4 in longitudinal line or st 4 slightly laterad to imaginary line between st 1– st 3; tibia IV with nine setae..................................................................................... Hydrogamasus (Figs 117–120) - Seta st 3 mediad to imaginary line between st 1, st 2 and st 4; tibia IV with ten setae.... .. Gamasiphoides (part) (Figs 121–124) 33. With two pairs of presternal plates; peritreme extending anteriorly to region of coxa I......... Laelaptiella (Figs 125–128) - With one pair of presternal plates; peritreme extending anteriorly to median region of coxa II.... Stylochirus (Figs 129–131) 34. Outer margin of peritreme crenated............................................... Antennolaelaps (Figs 132–135) - Outer margin of peritreme straight...................................................................... 35 35. Leg II greatly enlarged, tarsus and tibia II with cuticular apophyses and with some setae very heavy, thickened and spur-like............................................................................. Pachymasiphis (Figs 136–139) - Leg II not greatly enlarged, tarsus and tibia II without very heavy, thickened and spur-like setae...................... 36 36. Genu I with 12 setae (two ventral setae)............................................ Gamasellopsis (Figs 140–143) - Genu I with 13 setae (three ventral setae)................................................................. 37 37. Peritrematal shield not fused with exopodal shield.......................................................... 38 - Peritrematal shield fused with exopodal shield............................................................. 41 38. Sternal shield not fused with endopodal shield near coxa IV; epistome with a club-shaped anterocentral extension................................................................................... Neogamasellevans (Figs 144–147) - Sternal shield fused with endopodal shield near coxa IV shield; epistome without a club-shaped anterocentral extension... 39 39. Pretarsus I sessile................................................................ Sessiluncus (Figs 156–159) - Pretarsus I pedunculate............................................................................... 40 40. Genu III with nine setae (two ventral setae) and genu IV with ten setae (five dorsal and two ventral setae)............................................................................................ Onchogamasus (Figs 148–151) - Genu III with eight setae (one ventral seta) and genu IV with eight or nine setae (four or five dorsal and one ventral setae)................................................................................... Gamasitus (Figs 152–155) 41. With two pairs of presternal plates........................................... Gamasiphoides (part) (Figs 160–163) - With one pair of presternal plates, partially fused or not fused to sternal shield................................... 42 42. Sternal shield fused with endopodal shield near coxa IV......................... Queenslandolaelaps (Figs 164–167) - Sternal shield not fused with endopodal shield near coxa IV.................................................. 43 43. Epistome with a club-shaped anteromedian extension; connection between peritrematal and exopodal shields behind stigma narrower than peritreme..................................................... Geogamasus (part) (Figs 168–171) - Epistome without a club-shaped anteromedian extension; connection between peritrematal and exopodal shields behind stigma wider or narrower than peritreme....................................................................... 44 44. Pretarsus I not pedunculate and subequal to other pretarsi............................... Parasitiphis (Figs 172–175) - Pretarsus I pedunculate and smaller than other pretarsi....................................................... 45 45. Insemination pore located on trochanter III............................................. Athiasella (Figs 176–179) - Insemination pore located on coxa III........................................... Hydrogamasellus (Figs 180–183)"}],"vernacularNames":[],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"1":"Animalia","54":"Arthropoda","367":"Arachnida","1109":"Mesostigmata"},"class":"Arachnida"},{"key":124856988,"datasetKey":"449eccf3-b63f-437d-945f-85c5e01dadb2","nubKey":7242,"parentKey":338687072,"parent":"Mesostigmata","kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Arthropoda","order":"Mesostigmata","family":"Ologamasidae","kingdomKey":338687069,"phylumKey":338687070,"classKey":338687071,"orderKey":338687072,"familyKey":124856988,"scientificName":"Ologamasidae","canonicalName":"Ologamasidae","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"FAMILY","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"03EF1D76C8799603FF2FE035FA040E67.taxon","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[{"description":"Key to genera of Ologamasidae (adult females) 1. Podonotal and opisthonotal shields completely separated...................................................... 2 - Podonotal and opisthonotal shields fused to form a holonotal shield, line of fusion may or may not be visible............ 22 2. Epistome with club-shaped anterocentral extension; peritrematal and exopodal shields fused by a narrow connection posterior to stigma..................................................................... Geogamasus (part) (Figs 1–4) - Epistome without club-shaped anterocentral extension; peritrematal shield not fused to exopodal shield, or fused to exopodal shield posterior to stigma by a connection wider than width of peritreme......................................... 3 3. Dorsal shield setae inserted on long stalks............................................... Oriflammella (Figs 5–8) - Dorsal shield setae not inserted on stalks.................................................................. 4 4. Opisthonotal and ventrianal shields fused.................................................................. 5 - Opisthonotal and ventrianal shields not fused ................................................................ 9 5. Presternal plates absent; pretarsus I absent................................................ Euepicrius (Figs 9–12) - Presternal plates present; pretarsus I present................................................................ 6 6. With one pair of presternal plates.................................................... Gamaselliphis (Figs 13–16) - With two pairs of presternal plates....................................................................... 7 7. Opisthogastric region without latero-diagonal fissure; peritreme extending anteriorly to anterior margin of coxa II............................................................................................ Hiniphis (Figs 17–20) - Opisthogastric region with a distinct latero-diagonal fissure; peritreme extending anteriorly to region of coxa I........... 8 8. Peritrematal shield fused only to exopodal shield near coxa IV.............................. Desectophis (Figs 21–24) - Peritrematal shield fused to exopodal shield near coxa IV and ventrianal shield..................... Acuphis (Figs 25–28) 9. Podosomal section of dorsum with 28 or more pairs of setae................................................... 10 - Podosomal section of dorsum with fewer than 25 pairs of setae............................................... 12 10. Opisthosomal section of dorsum with more than 30 pairs of setae................................ Pilellus (Figs 29–32) - Opisthosomal section of dorsum with fewer than 21 pairs of setae............................................. 11 11. Podosomal section of dorsum with 32 pairs of setae and a medial unpaired seta; trochanter IV with six setae, genu III with ten setae and tibia III with nine setae.................................................. Notogamasellus (Figs 33–36) - Podosomal section of dorsum with 28 pairs of setae; trochanter IV with five setae, genu III with nine setae and tibia III with eight setae................................................................ Podonotogamasellus (Figs 37–40) 12. Peritreme extending anteriorly at most to median region of coxa III....................... Allogamasellus (Figs 41–44) - Peritreme extending anteriorly at least to median region of coxa II.............................................. 13 13. Setae av2, pv2 on tibia I long, thick, spine-like............................................................ 14 - Setae av2, pv2 on tibia I unmodified...................................................................... 15 14. Tarsus I with a small pair of claws; dorsal shield setae j 1 not on prominent protuberance; on genu I av2 spine-like, al1 unmod- ified......................................................................... Heterogamasus (Figs 45–48) - Tarsus I without claws; dorsal shield setae j 1 on prominent protuberance; on genu I al1 spine-like, av2 unmodified......................................................................................... Evanssellus (Figs 49–52) 15. Presternal plates absent............................................................. Cyrtolaelaps (Figs 53–56) - Presternal plates present............................................................................... 16 16. With one pair of presternal plates; if with two pairs (in Rhodacaroides aegypticus), peritrematal shield not fused with exopodal shield near coxa IV.................................................................................. 17 - With 2–5 pairs of presternal shields; if with two pairs, peritrematal shield fused with exopodal shield near coxa IV....... 19 17. Dorsal shields with some setae pilose and/or spatulate.................................... Acugamasus (Figs 57–60) - Dorsal shields without pilose or spatulate setae............................................................ 18 18. Peritrematal shield not fused with exopodal shield near coxa IV........................... Rhodacaroides (Figs 61–64) - Peritrematal shield fused with exopodal shield near coxa IV.............................. Euryparasitus (Figs 65–68) 19. Peritrematal and ventrianal shields fused.................................................. Periseius (Figs 69–72) - Peritrematal and ventrianal shields not fused............................................................... 20 20. Opisthonotal section of dorsal shield with 12 pairs of setae................................ Solugamasus (Figs 73–76) - Opisthonotal section of dorsal shield with more than 12 pairs of setae........................................... 21 21. With two or three pairs of presternal plates............................................... Gamasellus (Figs 77–80) - With five pairs of presternal plates.................................................... Litogamasus (Figs 81–84) 22. Line of fusion between podonotal and opisthonotal shields distinctly visible, straight or U-shaped.................... 23 - Line of fusion between podonotal and opisthonotal shields indistinct or absent.................................... 24 23. Line of fusion between podonotal and opisthonotal shields straight; peritrematal shield and exopodal shield near coxa IV not fused........................................................................ Gamasellevans (Figs 85–88) - Line of fusion between podonotal and opisthonotal shields U-shaped; peritrematal shield and exopodal shield near coxa IV fused.............................................................................. Rykellus (Figs 89–92) 24. Dorsal shield fused with ventrianal shield................................................................ 25 - Dorsal shield not fused with ventrianal shield.............................................................. 34 25. Opisthogaster with incisions behind coxa IV directed almost transversely; dorsal shield setae fine, smooth and pointed except j 1 aciculate, z 4, z 5 and r 3 distally pilose................................................... Pyriphis (Figs 93–96) - Opisthogaster with incisions behind coxa IV directed strongly posteriorly, if transversely then most dorsal shield setae acicu- late or pilose....................................................................................... 26 26. Dorsal shield with 50 or more pairs of setae............................................... Caliphis (Figs 97–100) - Dorsal shield with 45 or fewer pairs of setae.............................................................. 27 27. Sternal shield fused with endopodal shield near coxa IV..................................................... 28 - Sternal shield not fused or fused only by a narrow strip to endopodal shield near coxa IV.......................... 30 28. Exopodal shields near coxae II–III–III fused; with 0–3 pairs of presternal plates.............. Gamasiphis (Figs 101–104) - Exopodal shields near coxae II–III–III divided at median level of coxa III; with one pair of presternal plates........... 29 29. Dorsal and ventrianal shields with some pilose setae....................................... Cymiphis (Figs 105–108) - Dorsal and ventrianal shields with all setae smooth..................................... Heydeniella (Figs 109–112) 30. Peritrematal shield fused with exopodal shield near coxa IV.................................................. 31 - Peritrematal shield not fused with exopodal shield near coxa IV............................................... 33 31. With one pair of presternal plates................................................... Ologamasus (Figs 113–116) - With two pairs of presternal plates....................................................................... 32 32. Setae st 1– st 4 in longitudinal line or st 4 slightly laterad to imaginary line between st 1– st 3; tibia IV with nine setae..................................................................................... Hydrogamasus (Figs 117–120) - Seta st 3 mediad to imaginary line between st 1, st 2 and st 4; tibia IV with ten setae.... .. Gamasiphoides (part) (Figs 121–124) 33. With two pairs of presternal plates; peritreme extending anteriorly to region of coxa I......... Laelaptiella (Figs 125–128) - With one pair of presternal plates; peritreme extending anteriorly to median region of coxa II.... Stylochirus (Figs 129–131) 34. Outer margin of peritreme crenated............................................... Antennolaelaps (Figs 132–135) - Outer margin of peritreme straight...................................................................... 35 35. Leg II greatly enlarged, tarsus and tibia II with cuticular apophyses and with some setae very heavy, thickened and spur-like............................................................................. Pachymasiphis (Figs 136–139) - Leg II not greatly enlarged, tarsus and tibia II without very heavy, thickened and spur-like setae...................... 36 36. Genu I with 12 setae (two ventral setae)............................................ Gamasellopsis (Figs 140–143) - Genu I with 13 setae (three ventral setae)................................................................. 37 37. Peritrematal shield not fused with exopodal shield.......................................................... 38 - Peritrematal shield fused with exopodal shield............................................................. 41 38. Sternal shield not fused with endopodal shield near coxa IV; epistome with a club-shaped anterocentral extension................................................................................... Neogamasellevans (Figs 144–147) - Sternal shield fused with endopodal shield near coxa IV shield; epistome without a club-shaped anterocentral extension... 39 39. Pretarsus I sessile................................................................ Sessiluncus (Figs 156–159) - Pretarsus I pedunculate............................................................................... 40 40. Genu III with nine setae (two ventral setae) and genu IV with ten setae (five dorsal and two ventral setae)............................................................................................ Onchogamasus (Figs 148–151) - Genu III with eight setae (one ventral seta) and genu IV with eight or nine setae (four or five dorsal and one ventral setae)................................................................................... Gamasitus (Figs 152–155) 41. With two pairs of presternal plates........................................... Gamasiphoides (part) (Figs 160–163) - With one pair of presternal plates, partially fused or not fused to sternal shield................................... 42 42. Sternal shield fused with endopodal shield near coxa IV......................... Queenslandolaelaps (Figs 164–167) - Sternal shield not fused with endopodal shield near coxa IV.................................................. 43 43. Epistome with a club-shaped anteromedian extension; connection between peritrematal and exopodal shields behind stigma narrower than peritreme..................................................... Geogamasus (part) (Figs 168–171) - Epistome without a club-shaped anteromedian extension; connection between peritrematal and exopodal shields behind stigma wider or narrower than peritreme....................................................................... 44 44. Pretarsus I not pedunculate and subequal to other pretarsi............................... Parasitiphis (Figs 172–175) - Pretarsus I pedunculate and smaller than other pretarsi....................................................... 45 45. Insemination pore located on trochanter III............................................. Athiasella (Figs 176–179) - Insemination pore located on coxa III........................................... Hydrogamasellus (Figs 180–183)"}],"vernacularNames":[],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"338687069":"Animalia","338687070":"Arthropoda","338687071":"Arachnida","338687072":"Mesostigmata"},"class":"Arachnida"},{"key":8634773,"nameKey":1446648,"datasetKey":"d7dddbf4-2cf0-4f39-9b2a-bb099caae36c","constituentKey":"c8227bb4-4143-443f-8cb2-51f9576aff14","nubKey":8634773,"parentKey":8442276,"parent":"Berzercon","kingdom":"Animalia","phylum":"Arthropoda","order":"Mesostigmata","family":"Discozerconidae","genus":"Berzercon","species":"Berzercon ferdinandi","kingdomKey":1,"phylumKey":54,"classKey":367,"orderKey":1109,"familyKey":4664777,"genusKey":8442276,"speciesKey":8634773,"scientificName":"Berzercon ferdinandi Seeman & Baker, 2013","canonicalName":"Berzercon ferdinandi","authorship":"Seeman & Baker, 2013","publishedIn":"Seeman, Owen D. & Michelle R. Baker. 2013. A new genus and species of Discozerconidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) from carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in New Zealand. Zootaxa 3750(2): 130–142.","nameType":"SCIENTIFIC","taxonomicStatus":"ACCEPTED","rank":"SPECIES","origin":"SOURCE","numDescendants":0,"numOccurrences":0,"taxonID":"gbif:8634773","habitats":[],"nomenclaturalStatus":[],"threatStatuses":[],"descriptions":[{"description":"Type depository. Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand. Material examined. Two female and two male paratypes (OSAL 104613 – 104614, 114590, 114748) Remarks: All specimens were recovered from Carabidae, Megadromus sp., Mecodema sp., and Plocamostethus sp. from New Zealand (Seeman & Baker 2013). The grouping of all remaining Heterozerconoidea, that is Discozerconidae s. s. plus Heterozerconidae, is characterized by the following character states: inside movable digit female with brush-like structure (4); cornicula membranous (23); setae Zv 3 in adults absent (62, reversed in Amyzozercon); tibiae I setae ad 3, pd 3 (( 88), tibiae II – IV setae ad 2, pd 3, pl 2 (95 – 97), genua I setae ad 3, pd 3 (86), genua IV seta ad 3 (99), femora II seta pv 2 (91), and femora III seta v 3 all absent (98). Although the number of characters listed is impressive, it is worthwhile noting that nearly all of them concern leg chaetotaxy, which is quite similar in Berzercon and Sejidae. Use of alternative outgroups renders most of these characters as apomorphies of Berzercon, reducing support for the lineage of Discozerconidae s. s. plus Heterozerconidae."},{"description":"Type material. Holotype: Female, New Zealand, Wairarapa, Mt Holdsworth, 11. iv. 2004, A. M. Paterson, ex Megadromus sp. (Carabidae). Deposited in Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand. Paratypes: 3 males, same data as holotype; 1 female, 2 males, same data as holotype except ex Mecodema sp. (Carabidae), 15. xi. 2002; 1 female, same data as holotype, except ex Plocamostethus sp. (Carabidae), 15. xi. 2012. 2 females, 1 male, New Zealand, Waikato, Maungatautari (South Cell, outside CR 4, transect 1, pitfall trap G), Jan – Feb 2009, C. H. Watts. 3 females, 3 males, New Zealand, Waikato, Limestone Downs (Contact Energy Waikato Wind Farm, block C, track CO 15 - CO 13, trap D), 22 Dec 2009 – 13 Jan 2010. Paratype deposition: 3 females, 5 males, Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand; 1 female, 1 male, Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand; 2 females, 2 males, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia; 1 female, 1 male, Ohio State University, USA (OSAL 0104614 (M) and OSAL 0104613 (F )). Other material: 1 female, 1 male gold-coated on SEM stub (QM). 1 females, 3 males, OSU (unmounted). Collection notes: The sample from Maungatautari had seven species of carabid beetles: Mecodema oconnori (n = 1), Parabaris atratus (n = 10), Ctenognathus sp. (n = 2), Dicrochile sp. (n = 2), Aulacopodus calathoides (n = 1), Holcaspis mordax (n = 1) and Molopsida polita (n = 1). The sample from Limestone Downs had six species of carabid beetles: Aulacopodus calathoides (n = 1), Ctenognathus bidens (n = 8), Ctenognathus lucifugus (n = 4), Dicrochile sp. (n = 1), Holcaspis mordax (n = 4) and Mecodema crenaticolle (n = 2)."},{"description":"Etymology. This new species is named for Ferdinand the Bull, the main character of Munro Leaf’s 1936 book, and loosely refers to the mite’s large curved horn-like corniculi."},{"description":"Remarks. We have treated all the material as the same species because we lack strong morphological evidence to separate them. However, the specimens exhibited a large size range, with the largest mites being from Mt Holdsworth (female 1420 – 1500; male 1260 – 1460) and the smallest from Limestone Downs (female 1150 – 1280; male 1110 – 1260). Apart from these ambiguous size differences, no other features separated collections from different host species and sites. Additionally, each of the three collection sites, confined to the North Island, are distant to one another: Limestone Downs (northwest coastal) and Maungatautari (central north) are somewhat close together, but Mt Holdsworth is in the central-south. Consequently it seems surprising that these mites, whose hosts are flightless carabid beetles and occur in isolated habitats, seem to represent the same species. A noteworthy feature of B. ferdinandi is the presence of a keel on the gnathotectum, typically present only in the trigynaspid cohort Antennophorina. The keeled gnathotectum is expressed strongly in some antennophorine superfamilies (e. g., Megisthanoidea, Celaenopsoidea) but weakly in others and is sometimes absent (e. g., most Parantennulidae) (Kim 2004). The keel of B. ferdinandi is weak, visible as a long thin line, as seen in Fedrizzioidea, Aenictequoidea, Antennophoroidea and some Paramegistidae. The presence of a keel may represent convergence, as a similar keel-like structure occurs in Pyriphis (Ologamasidae) (pers. obs.). However, a trigynaspid-heterozerconine sister-group relationship was suggested by Norton et al. (1993). Within the Trigynaspida, members of the Paramegistidae are associated with millipedes, lizards and snakes (e. g. Kim & Klompen 2002; Klompen & Austin 2007; Baker & Seeman 2008) and share at least a strikingly superficial resemblance. Many paramegistids are discoid, have smooth dorsal shields with numerous marginal setae, and extensive ventral shields, but these are probably independent adaptations to living on similar hosts. More curious are similarities between the chelicerae of the Paramegistidae and Heterozerconidae (and Discomegistus): both have a moveable digit with a fine row of cilia-like teeth and two interdigital membranes (one truly interdigital, the other on the fixed digit). Again, this probably reflects convergence in feeding habits on the same host taxon, but the likelihood of this being so is harder to dismiss due to the complex morphology of the chelicerae. The modified hypostomal setae h 1 of B. ferdinandi are also found in some sejid and trigynaspid taxa. In the Sejida setae h 1 are often small and scale-like (e. g., Fig. 12.7 D in Lindquist et al. 2009) but are not sexually dimorphic and bear little resemblance to the strong thick h 1 setae of B. ferdinandi. In the Trigynaspida, Promegistus (Parantennuloidea: Promegistidae) have strikingly modified setae h 1, being large and membranous in both sexes (pers. obs.), and many Ophiomegistus (Paramegistidae) and Antennophoridae have h 1 much stronger than other hypostomal setae (e. g., Goff 1980; Wisniewski & Hirschmann 1992). Sexual dimorphism occurs in the hypostome and hypostomal setae of some Trigynaspida, most spectacularly in the Celaenopsidae, Euzerconidae, Schizogyniidae and Megacelaenopsidae (e. g., Kinn 1970; Funk 1974, 1980; Rosario 1988), but also less impressively in the Fedrizziidae (Seeman 2007). However these taxa are unlikely sister-groups of the Heterozerconina, being within well-established superfamilies (Celaenopsoidea and Fedrizzioidea, respectively). Instead, these partly illustrate the diversity of independently derived modifications found in male trigynaspid mites, presumably for transferring the spermatophore to the female’s genital opening. Other examples are the Asternoseiidae (modified sternal setae, see Karg & Schorlemmer 2011, erroneously placed in Fedrizziidae), Saltiseiidae (modified gnathotecta; Walter 2000), Antennophoridae and Diplogyniidae (modified chelicerae; e. g., Wisniewski & Hirschmann 1992; Seeman 2012), and Fedrizziidae and Klinckowstroemiidae (modified presternal shields; e. g., Rosario 1988; Seeman 2007). Therefore, although the modified hypostomal setae of B. ferdinandi might provide a link with either the Sejida or Trigynaspida, the sexual dimorphism observed in these setae is likely to have evolved independently."},{"description":"Description. Female (n = 8; Figures 1 – 11) Dorsum (see male Fig. 12). Dorsal idiosoma length 1500 (1150 – 1500), width 1350 (1010 – 1350), with approximately 84 loosely paired minute setae. Venter (Figs 1, 8 – 10). Tritosternum length 310 (270 – 310), laciniae separate, length 245 (225 – 245). Presternal shield entire, length 70 (50 – 70), width 255 (200 – 255), reticulate. Sternal and endopodal shields fused; cuticle reticulate medially, becoming smooth laterally. Genital shield dome-shaped, fused posteriorly at level of coxa III, extends anteriorly almost to anterior margin of sternal shield; genital shield reticulate. Sternogenital shield length 665 (525 – 665), width 570 (475 – 570). Genital shield length 215 (205 – 235), width 310 (275 – 310). Four pairs of intercoxal setae: st 1 lightly barbed, 65 (35 – 75), st 2 lightly barbed 70 (35 – 70), st 3 smooth, 75 (40 – 75), st 5 smooth 45 (35 – 45); setae st 1 – 3 flank genital shield; setae st 5 posterior to genital shield. Two pairs of lyrifissures, stp 1 anterolaterad st 2, stp 2 anteriad st 3. Genital shield with one pair of pores. Internal genital structure present, tongueshaped, length 160 (140 – 165), width 35 (25 – 40). Opisthogaster with one pair of large suckers (Figs 1, 10), length 380 (275 – 380), width 280 (235 – 280). Four pairs of lightly barbed setae anterior to suckers, in soft cuticle, most medial setae length 65 (35 – 65), other setae 95 – 105 (70 – 95). One pair of medial post-sternal setae, in soft cuticle, length 80 (45 – 80). Ventrianal shield elongate, finely reticulate, length 265 (245 – 325), width 170 (135 – 170), cribrum present. Anterior ventrianal setae with barbed tip, 65 (50 – 65); para-anal setae lightly barbed, 115 (80 – 115); postanal seta lightly barbed, 45 (35 – 45). Paired ventral shields posteriad suckers, reticulate, one pair of pores in anterolaterad margin, length 110 (95 – 110), width 275 (195 – 290). Metapodal shields reticulate, bearing three pairs of smooth to lightly barbed setae 115 – 135 (90 – 135) and two pairs of pores laterad setae; anteriorly fused to exopodal shield. Ventral marginal shield present, bearing short flattened marginal setae. All areas of soft cuticle with faint reticulation. Exopodal, post-stigmatal, peritrematal and lateral marginal shields fused, but with lines of fusion present; shields reticulate, becoming weaker anteriorly. Stigmata at posterior level of coxa III, peritreme short, length 175 (150 – 180), extending to posterior level of coxa II. Porose areas posterolaterad stigmata, laterad peritreme, anteriad peritreme, and anterior to coxa I. Marginal setae r 2 – R 2 long, barbed, with flattened serrate tips, r 2 245 (185 – 245), r 3 140 (110 – 140), r 4> 160 (180 – 200), r 5 325 (270 – 335), r 6 195 (135 – 195), R 1> 335 (325 – 360), R 2 320 (265 – 320). Marginal setae posterior to R 2 hypertrichous, 35 – 46 setae; all setae broad, flattened, with 3 - pointed tips; 5 – 6 longer setae (90 – 110 long) interspersed amongst shorter setae (60 – 75 long). Gnathosoma (Figs 2, 11). Gnathotectum tripartite (see male Fig. 15), length 345 (295 – 345), middle process longest; weak keel present, extending to tip of middle process. Hypostomal setae h 1 thick, barbed at tip, length 120 (105 – 135); setae h 2 barbed, length 110 (95 – 110); setae h 3 smooth, length 55 (40 – 55). Palpcoxal setae barbed, length 105 (80 – 110). Deutosternum reticulate, with ca. 13 rows of denticles laterad gutter; deutosternal gutter with ca. 8 irregular rows of denticles. Corniculi large, curved, horn-like, length 175 (170 – 190). Internal malae long, divided mid-way into a ribbon-like process and a thicker process with one edge ciliated. Palps four-segmented, tibia and tarsus fused. Palp apotele two-pronged. Setal counts 2 - 5 - 6 - 20. Most adaxial setae barbed. Trochanter with small distal adaxial process. Femur with large abaxial area of darker, densely porose cuticle; seta al short, thickened. Genu with three smooth, thin setae clustered. Tibiotarsus tip with six blunt-tipped sensory setae. Chelicerae (Fig. 3). Fixed digit length 400 (315 – 400), with 13 – 18 small and two larger teeth; pilus dentilus blade-like, length 12 (10 – 12); cheliceral seta arises laterally, smooth, length 45 – 55. Moveable digit length 230 (190 – 230), with 6 – 10 small teeth, proximal tooth largest; single smooth excrescence arises ca. one-third distance from base of moveable digit, excrescence length 55 (40 – 55). Interdigital membrane (sensu Fain 1989) arising adaxially at base of digits, length 45 – 55. Legs (Figs. 4 – 7). Tarsus I with acrotarsus. Pretarsi without claws, membranous. Tarsal tips with small membranous flanges. Setal counts: coxae 2 - 2 - 2 - 1; trochanters 6 - 5 - 5 - 5; femora 11 - 11 - 8 - 7; genua 12 - 9 - 10 - 11; tibiae 12 - 10 - 10 - 10; tarsi 43 - 18 - 18 - 18. Setal formulae for femora: I 2,2 / 1,3 / 1,2; II 1,2 / 2,3 / 2,1; III 1,2 / 1,2 / 2,0; IV 1,2 / 1,2 / 1,0. Setal formulae for genua: I 2,3 / 1,3 / 1,2; II 2,2 / 1,2 / 0,2; III 2,3 / 1,2 / 0,2; IV 2, 3 / 1, 3 / 0, 2. Setal formulae for tibiae: I 2,3 / 1,3 / 1,2; II – IV 2,2 / 1,2 / 1,2. Chaetotaxy presented on figures. Tarsus I with acrotarsus bearing ca. 17 setae; dense cluster of setae on dorsal side of tarsal tip and acrotarsus (see male Fig. 21); legs with some setae thickened, but most noticeably FeI av 1 and TaI av 3; tarsi II – IV ad 1, pd 1 with spatulate tips (see male Fig. 22). 45 – 50, width 165 – 205. Sternal and endopodal shields fused; cuticle reticulate medially, becoming smooth laterally. Genital opening just behind margin of sternal shield, length 85 – 105, width 90 – 130. Sternal shield length 500 – 670, width 425 – 590. Four pairs of intercoxal setae: st 1 lightly barbed, 35 – 65, st 2 smooth, 40 – 60, st 3 smooth, 35 – 65, st 5 smooth 35 – 50. Two pairs of lyrifissures, stp 1 anterolaterad st 2, stp 2 anteriad st 3. Marginal setae r 2 140 – 195, r 3 75 – 140, r 4 145 – 205, r 5 255 – 350, r 6 115 – 165, R 1 270 – 330, R 2 225 – 270. Opisthogaster similar to female. Sucker length 250 – 325, width 235 – 295. Four pairs of lightly barbed setae anterior to suckers, in soft cuticle, most medial setae length 35 – 55, other setae 70 – 90. One pair of medial poststernal setae, in soft cuticle, length 50 – 60. Ventrianal shield elongate, finely reticulate, length 235 – 295, width 130 – 170, cribrum present. Anterior ventrianal setae smooth, 45 – 65; para-anal setae lightly barbed, 80 – 100; postanal seta lightly barbed, 30 – 50. Metapodal setae lightly barbed 90 – 130. Gnathosoma (Figs 14 – 15). Gnathotectum tripartite, length 260 – 340, middle process longest; weak keel present, extending to tip of middle process. Hypostomal setae h 1 modified, tip shaped like a fish-tail, base with medial process, length of seta 75 – 115; setae h 2 smooth, 55 – 65; setae h 3 bulbous, length 15 – 21, width 8 – 12. Palpcoxal setae barbed, length 105 – 125. Deutosternum, corniculi, internal malae similar to female. Palps similar to female. Chelicerae (Fig. 16). Similar to female. Fixed digit length 295 – 355, with 10 – 14 small and two larger teeth. Moveable digit length 180 – 220, excrescence length 45 – 58. Legs (Figs 21 – 22). Similar to female, no spurs or stronger setae."}],"vernacularNames":[],"synonym":false,"higherClassificationMap":{"1":"Animalia","54":"Arthropoda","367":"Arachnida","1109":"Mesostigmata","4664777":"Discozerconidae","8442276":"Berzercon"},"class":"Arachnida"}],"facets":[]}